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below the sternum^ those on the stifles and elbows are consider- 

 able in size, and the knees are also callous. The latter point has 

 given rise to one of the familiar service jokes of India, about 

 camels being rejected by a griff on a purchasing board because 

 they were all broken kneed ! These callosities are considered 

 specially beneficial to the animal as enabling him to rest on hot 

 sand without discomfort in the couchant position. Traces of 

 them are present in newly bom camels. An over-laden or fatigued 

 animal may bruise them in lying down, and this is especially liable 

 to occur to weak animals whose legs give way under them ; also 

 when the ground on which the animal has been rested was not 

 previously freed of sharp stones. Thus these injuries are to an 

 extent preventable by care; and this is the more important because 

 bruise or puncture of the pads is very apt to result in sub-acute 

 inflammation and tardy sloughing often incurable and so ren- 

 dering the animal useless ; in case of the Rahafay, the abscess 

 even has been known to penetrate the chest cavity and cause 

 pleurisy and death, the sternum becoming absorbed (Gilchrist). 

 These injuries become aggravated every time the animal sits down, 

 owing to pressure and the entry of foreign matters, and an impor- 

 tant point in treatment is to keep the patient on his legs as much 

 as possible, although it involves serious loss of necessary rest. 

 Cases must be treated by antiphlogistic measures and surgery, 

 underrun horn must be removed, sinuses slit up, and all ac- 

 cumulated pus (which will be found very foetid) evacuated. Cam- 

 phorated oil or other fly dressing and stimulating substances will 

 prove very useful to promote healing. The Arab method of 

 firing around the diseased part proves beneficial in chronic 

 cases. Above all things the wounds must be kept clean and 

 regularly dressed thoroughly. All the pads must be carefully 

 examined in purchase. 



Sore Back or Saddle Gall demands detailed notice on account 

 of its immense practical importance and constant occurrence on 

 active service. Although it agrees in all essentials with the 

 lesions of the same name seen in other pack and riding animals, 

 a number of differences in detail deserve mention here and 

 attention from the practitioner. In every war where the camel is 



