114 



process, astragulus has the usual ruminant form. The small tarsal 

 bones are six in number. Ligamentum nuchas has a very long 

 rope-like portion but only a small membraniform expansion. 

 The Diaphragm has remarkably long and strong fleshy pillars 

 and contains a bone in its central tendon. The muscular system 

 in general is simple in arrangement. 



Fractures. — Vallon considered the bones of the camel fragile 

 and very apt to become fractured on service, and it is found 

 that when the bones of the extremities have given way mechanical 

 difficulties exist in the way of setting the fragments and keeping 

 them in position, so that it is generally necessary to have the 

 animal destroyed. The non-repair in such cases is not due to 

 any inherent defect in healing power, for when the lower jaw has 

 been broken by violence (as from jerking at the head collar gag) 

 union occurs rapidly if the parts be set in an iron splint. This 

 accident is denoted by the part being depressed and the animal 

 being unable to approximate the lips. Gilchrist had a successful 

 case which extended over only six weeks' treatment. 



Dislocations were found by Tassy to be frequent among 

 baggage camels in Algeria ; Gilchrist refers to thigh dislocation 

 and luxation of the shoulder. The latter is the most frequent 

 and necessitates rejection of the animal as unfit for further 

 service, because the lesion is not thoroughly curable. In 

 traversing slippery places it is the custom of camel men to tie 

 the two hind legs together in such a way as to prevent their slip- 

 ping apart and the camel "splitting up." In which latter 

 accident there may be extensive muscle laceration and dislocation 

 according to the severity of the case. In the Quarterly Journal 

 of Veterinary Science in India, Vol. III., p. 244, is detailed a case 

 of dislocatio7i of the neck. 



Anchylosis : Bone Spavin is not rare in the camel, it 

 causes lameness, dragging of the toe, and other characteristic 

 symptoms ; and may be treated as in the horse. There is a good 

 specimen of Anchylosis of Yertehrm, the result of overloading 

 probably and perhaps of previous fracture, complicated by 

 exostosis, in the Museum of the Poona Army Veterinary School. 

 It was from a Bangalore Transport camel which was not known 



