Salvadonioleoides etpersica, Sujcda fruticosa et maritimaet nudi- 

 tlora, Tamarix gallica, 'rnantbeiua crystallinaj et inonogyna, et 

 pentandra, Vitis carnosa, Zizyphus nummularia (Jhari) the staple 

 taiuel fodder in Rajputaiia, Zyg-ophillum simplex. In Australia 

 it has been found that camels are very fond of Sterculia or native 

 ])oplar (Brachychiton Gregorii) also of Swainsonias and Psora- 

 leas. They do not eare for oily scented Myrtaceae such as 

 i"]ucalyptus, IMelaleuca, &c. 



Byrne tells us six hours grazing a day on good ground is suffi- 

 cient and if on Sallum or Minosa bush is better than any amount 

 of tibbiu or blioosa. The Sahara Arabs avoid grazing wlien dew 

 is on the ground or feeding on dew damp g-rass. Thus they do 

 not turn out their camels to graze till midday from the middle of 

 April to the middle of June. In case of a two days' halt on the 

 tirst day the camel men should bring in fodder and this be used 

 for the camels so that they can be given a thorough rest on the 

 second day. The Kirghiz graze their camels only by day. Care 

 must be taken that each camel gets his fair share of gTain ; weak 

 or slow feeders must be fed separately. 



Salt is very necessary^ otherwise depraved appetite is frequent. 

 Pallas (Mem du Museum, t. xvi., page 449,) states that the Cal- 

 muck camels in winter get as food only reeds and the bark of 

 trees. He remarks that they thrive on the steppes in proportion 

 to the amount of salt they obtain. 



Note 20. — Tar dressing is applied to the skin in the Sahara 

 annually in spring to prevent mange. The camels are made to 

 sit down, a twitch put on the lower lip, the wool removed, and 

 the animal smeared from head to foot ; then, as a purge, is 

 given 1 lb. of rancid butter boiled and niixed with three or four 

 eggs and grease of sheeps' wool. The animal is not used for ten 

 days after this. The process is repeated evei-y tlircH) montlis, but 

 the first application is the most thorough. 



Note 21, — The Central Asian nomads in very cold weal her sew 

 a thick cloth round the animal's body. In their Central Asian 

 campaigns, the Russians have felt the want of proper bedding, 

 for which purpose straw, reeds, and skins were found useful. 



Note 22. — The average weight is put at lOcwt. ; height to top 



