156 



or African Glanders as fatal to luatiy animals, including the 

 camel (horses and cattle) in Abyssinia in 1867. It was contagious, 

 typhous in type, and prevailed at all seasons on the east coast of 

 Africa being most malignant after the rains in February, June, 

 and July. It was probably Anthrax. Symptoms : trembling, 

 panting, stupor ; swelling of mouth, eyes, throat, jaws, and 

 glands. Congestion of mucous membranes, petechia on gums, 

 tongue enlarged, mouth dry, breath offensive ; pulse feeble and 

 weak, cough, choking. Thick, sometimes bloody, nasal dis- 

 charge, later froth}'^; urine scanty and high coloured. Treat- 

 vient : Diffusible stimulants, extensive irritants to chest walls 

 over lungs or heart. When fever subsides, quinine 5j — ij in 

 ether or brandy morning and evening. Enemata if necessary, 

 warm clothing, bandaging, green food, gruel or boiled grain, salt 

 in food and drink, and the best practicable hygienic measures. 



Note 27. — In the Soudan Expedition (1887) many hundreds of 

 the camels were affected by catarrhal fever of an enzootic 

 character in April. It was not very fatal. Symptoms : off feed, 

 cough, fever, nasal discharge, and general unhealthy appearance. 

 Treatment comprised isolation, stimulants, steaming nostrils, 

 clothing at night, and general good nursing. 



Note 28. — Rheumatism is caused by getting chilled after being 

 heated ; thus the camel often becomes incapable of movement. 

 Frost causes much loss of camels in Central Asiamainl}^ from this 

 affection. Treatment : give stimulants and apply stimulating lini- 

 ments and warm clothing to loins. Byrne recommends nitre Sj 

 morning and evening in a pint of water or in moistened flour or 

 gi'ound grain, warmth, and dietetic measures. 



Note 29. — Parasites — Inspecting Veterinary Surgeon Evans, 

 (Proceedings, Asiatic Society of Bengal, March, 1882), supplied 

 to Lewis mature Filarias which he obtained from the blood vessels 

 of the lungs and mesentery, where he found them in tangled 

 masses. These were determined to be a new species and termed 

 Filaria Evansi. The male was 3 — ih" long by -^ — -^'^ wide at 

 widest part ; -5-517'' ^^ *^^'^^ &ndi, ■^" at about ^/' lower down. Tail 

 tapers to a blunt point and is curled into two or three coils. Two 

 spicules ; longer ijig-", shorter -y^-u" . Cloaca i^^" from caudal end. 



