1(35 



samo. author were availaljlo to Loiubardliii. Cilclirist's oxcollenti 

 and practical works dato before 18 10 and tliu.s liiko ])rccodence of 

 the writing- on this subject of Graoberg'd l']msoo " on (lio existing 

 Tuscan Didini'dafv " and '"' (in tliu Nat in-alisat ion (>!' a iroo]) of 

 Dromedaries'' published in I'aris in 1811 (the latter by the 

 (leognii)hical Society). IMiiller and Wedl in 18r)0 ])ublished at 

 Vienna some studies on the anatomy of the two-hunija-d caniel, 

 and l\incires at Naples contributed a nsel'id {)a])cr on thedeveloji- 

 nient of the molar glands of the camel (1873; while Chauveau 

 included the anatomy of this animal in his Comparativo Anatomy 

 of Domestic Animals ('2nd and 3rd editions). 



In the Chinese, Arabic, and other oriental languiiges from 

 remote times the camel has been noticed, especially as Mahonuit; 

 was originally a camel driver and always retained his original 

 love for the Dromedary. Some of the views of Arabs concerning, 

 camels have been made known to ns by Daumas in his version 

 of the words of Abd el Kadir, others are merely repetitions of the 

 views expressed in the Kuran. 



What may be termed practical literature of camel manage- 

 ment is of recent growth. Naturalists and travellers had 

 dealt at length Avith the picturesque side of the camel as 

 the ''Ship of the D(^sert " or with his value for carriage of 

 merchnndise and the discomfort of his paces to the rider, 

 but, after Gilchrist, the French Veterinary Officers in Algeria 

 seem to have been the first to deal with him fi'om a service' 

 point of view, their reports being published in the official 

 and valuable records of the French Army Veterinary Service, 

 llussian soldiers have from time to time noticed the uses and 

 defects of the camel as an animal of war. Englishmen in India have 

 contributed the bulk of our knowledge in the most systematic 

 form, thus Charles Steel wrote of the Camel in Afghanistan to 

 the United Service Institution of India ; Leach published a useful 

 little book on camels; Martin and some others have contributed 

 their experience; Oliphaut, Rayment, and other Veterinary 

 Officers have dealt with the camel in their reports of active 

 operations in the North-AVcst of India; finally, since the British 

 ofcupatiou of Kgypt and during the warlike operations which 



