MANUAL OF PACK TRANSPOKTATION. 117 



HOW TO UNCINCH AN APAREJO AND TURN THE CRUPPER. 



Sec. 43. With the left hand hiosen the end of the hitigo or ciricha 

 strap aiul with the rijijht liaiul draw the hitigo down. Loosen and 

 release the hitigo from tlie rendering:: lino;; then pass the hitigo over 

 to the "od"" side, causing it to He along the middle of cincha. 



Grasp the lacings of the cincha with the right hand, the left arm 

 resting on toj) of the aparejo as asui)})ort, the thumb engaged under 

 the latigo as a guide to keep the latigo in the middle of the cincha 

 and draw the cincha downward so as to have about four feet. Now, 

 place the left hand, fingers extended, on cincha, and fold the end over 

 with the right hand. This should leave the cincha doubled on top of 

 the aparejo, equally divided. 



Step to the front, place left hand on collar, right on corner of boot, 

 and push the aparejo slightly to the rear; if necessary, alternate each 

 hand. Step squarely behind animal, with the right hand grasp the 

 end of the animal's tail, raise it to the right and upward, resting 

 it on the animal's haunch, and hold it there with the left hand. With 

 the right raise the crupper so as to free the tail and allow the tail 

 to drop. 



Take hold of the upper edges of the crupper with both hands, 

 about 10 inches from the dock on either side. Raise and bring the 

 hands together. Take both edges in the left hand; place the right 

 palm under the lower edge of crupper, and while the left hand is 

 pressing downward, press upward with the palm of the right, thus 

 turning the crupper upside down. Allow the dock of crupper to 

 rest on the center of aparejo. 



The animal should be held throughout the operation by retaining 

 the end of the halter shank in the left hand. 



HOW TO TAKE OFF AN APAREJO. 



Sec. 44. Take hold with right hand, near the center of the aparejo 

 on the near side and at rear, the left at front corner of boot; press in 

 quickly with left, and pull toward body with right. This gets the 

 aparejo quartering on the animal's back. Pass left hand over to off 

 side, palm against inside of belly piece of aparejo; raise the aparejo 

 with left hand, to clear animal's back, and place it on the ground. 

 It will be observed that the position of hands is the same as when 

 putting on the aparejo. 



Note. — In taking off the aparejo ])ackers tnust not place the aparejo 

 on the ground with force. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



how to form two half hitches — the pole (clove) hitch. 



Sec. 45. Take a rope at point determined to form hitch, and hold 

 in left hand, the last two fingers pressing rope against palm, the 

 thumb and first two fingers ready to receive the hitches as formed. 



Grasp the rope in the right hand in front of the left and at a dis- 

 tance from the left determined by the size of the loops or hitches it 

 is desired to form. 



By an outward and inward motion of the right hand make a loop 

 in the rope, the part held in the right hand passing under that held 

 in left. Allow the first finger of left hand to receive this looj). 



