164 MANUAL OF PACK TRANSPORTATION. 



Keep on hand a small supply of needles, silk thread, and bandages 

 in case of wounds. 



Keep a small supply of ammonia for animals, in case of snake bite. 

 Puncture the flesh freely around the bitten part and rub ammonia 

 well in with fingers. Be careful, however, that the fingers have no 

 abrasion. 



For screw worms, keep a supply of chloroform, or crysilic ointment. 



GLOSSARY. 

 Sec. 127.— 



Aparejo (pronounced " ap-pa-ray-ho " ) : A pack saddle. 



^og', war: A clothes sack. (Sec. 93.) 



Bell: Ordinarily a sheep bell, attached by a strap to the neck of the horse. 



Bell horse: A horse with a bell strapped about its neck and used to lead a pack train 

 of mules; sometimes alluded to as the "bell " in such expressions as "get the bell, " 

 "lead the bell, " "stop the bell, " "call the bell. " 



Bell sharp: Applied to mules that become especially attached to the "bell" horse. 



Blind: A hood of leather, made to cover the eyes of a pack mule when loading the 

 animal or tightening the load. (Figs. 40^1.) 



Boot: Term applied to the end pieces of aparejo. 



Boot bar: A section of wood representing the finished product, when the boot of the 

 aparejo is properly filled with hay by the skilled packer, and provided with 

 slots to receive ribs of wood. (In connection with the saddle bar, the boot bar 

 holds the ribs in place, thus stiffening the aparejo.) 



Brake: To brake a pack; to brake a load — signifying the act of working the packs close 

 together and into their proper relative positions after they have been tied together 

 by a sling rope. (Sec. 28.) 



Bunch: A puffing up of the skin. 



Cargo: The loads carried by a pack train, when spoken of collectively. To "form 

 cargo," i. e., to arrange in an orderly and convenient manner an aggregation of 

 loads. (Sec. 53.) 



Cargador: An individual who, in the organization of a pack train, is next in importance 

 after the pack master. He has to do with making up and forming the cargo, equal- 

 izing the packs, caring for mules, repairing aparejos, etc. (Sec. 114.) 



Carrier piece: A fold of leather sewed in between the back and belly pieces of aparejo 

 at rear, to which, by means of lacing, the crupper is attached, and which thus 

 serves to support the crupper and prevent it from hanging too low on the mule's 

 buttocks, (g, fig. 1.) 



Center stitch line: The stitch line which divides the aparejo into two equal parts. 



ij, fig. 1.) 

 Cinch (cincha): A broad canvas band, by means of which the aparejo is secured on the 



mule's back. (Ill, fig. 1.) 

 Collar: That portion of the aparejo which lies over the mule's withers. It is so shaped 



as to relieve the mule of all pressure on the withers. (1, i, fig. 1.) 

 Corona: A saddle pad, which is placed on the mule's back before the blanket and 



aparejo are put on. A numeral is placed on one of its sides to distinguish it. 



(V,fig. 1.) 

 Cover, aparejo {or sobre-jalma): A canvas covering attached to the aparejo to protect 



the leather from wear and tear. Called by packers a "sovereian hammer, soldier 



hammer." (11, fig. 1.) 

 Cover, pack: A section of heavy canvas employed to wrap therein, by means of rope, 



certain packages that may deteriorate by exposure to rain or dampness. 

 Cover, rigging: Covers used to protect the aparejos in camp or bivouac. (Sec. 78.) 

 Cover, cargo: Canvas used to protect aggregation of loads, termed the "cargo," in 



camp or bivouac. (Sec. 79.) 

 Cover, feed: Canvas laid on the ground at the picket line, on which grain is placed 



for feeding the animals. (Sec. 80.) 

 Crupper: A leather band attached to the front facing and carrier pieces of the aparejo, 



and fitting under the mule's tail, its purpose being to steady the aparejo, and to 



prevent it from slipping to the front. (IV, fig. 1.) 

 Deadman: A holdfast, sunk in the ground, to which the picket line is attached. 

 Diamond hitch: Name applied to the lashing, by means of which the load is secured to 



the aparejo, the two ropes forming a diamond or lozenge on top of the load. 

 Dock piece: That portion of the crupper that fits under the animal's tail; also applied 



to that portion of the animal's tail under which the dock of the crupper rests. 



