166 MANUAL OF PACK TRANSPORTATION. 



The pack mule must be in fair condition, from 4 to 6 years old; 

 weight, depending upon height, to be as follows: 



Pack mules should weigh from 950 to 1,025 j)ounds, and be from 

 14.1 hands to 15 hands high. 



Head of medium size, well formed, intelligent looking, broad be- 

 tween the eyes; eyes clear, large, and full; ears long and flexible; teeth 

 and tongue free of blemishes; muzzle well rounded and firm. 



Neck, stocky, broad and full at crest, and inclined to arch. 



Withers, low and broad, indicating strengtii in shoulders. 



Chest, low and broad, with division well defined, holding the fore 

 legs well apart, showing gootl lung power. 



Knees, wide in front and free of blemishes. 



Back, short and straight, indicating strength in back over region of 

 the kidneys. 



Barrel, deep and large, indicating a good feeder — not hard to j)lease 

 in either food or water — a most essential requisite in the selection of 

 pack mules. 



Hips, broad and well rounded. 



Dock, low and stiff, offering resistance, showing endurance. 



Hocks, standing well apart and strongly made, showing well devel- 

 oped buttocks. 



Pasterns, muscled, short, and strongly shaped. 



Hoofs, sound, broad, and full, with frog well developed, elastic, 

 and healthy. 



Riding mules will conform to the above conditions, with the excep- 

 tion, they may be deeper from point of withers to brisket. 



WHAT TO AVOID IN THE SELECTION OF PACK MULES. 



Sec. 129. Head: Avoid a long and large head, dish face and 

 Roman nose, narrow between the eyes, eyes small, round, and sunk 

 well under eyebrow, the eye inchned to snap and show the white; ears 

 erect and stiff, indicating advanced age; teeth long, pointed and flat 

 on upper surface, with bean well worn; tongue cut or other blemish; 

 mouth cut at inner corners, and under lip hanging downi. 



Neck, long and thin, inclined to be ewe-necked. 



Withers, high and narrow. 



Chest, high at center or chicken-breasted, lacking vitality. 



Knees, small and out of line. 



Back, long or sway-backed, indicating weakness over kidneys. 



Barrel, small and round, drawn in the flank. 



Hips, prominent and angular. 



Dock, high and weak. 



Hocks, standing close together, throwing the feet well out. 



Limbs, knees, and hocks showing wind galls. 



Pasterns, with scratches, cuts, or bruises. 



Hoofs, "pigeontoed," high and narrow, and drawn at the frog, 

 indicatincr the latter has lost vitalitv. 



