(Implements. 43 



It is expensive, but where it can be had no other instru- 

 ment is necessary. 



A measuring rod ten or fifteen feet long is handy for 

 practical work ; it should be divided into feet and inches. 

 In laying out walks and drives, flower-beds and borders, it 

 is used for measuring distances, as the width of a drive or 

 the space between shrubs and other plants. Borning-rods 1 

 sometimes take the place of more exact instruments in 

 every-day practice. They are simple stakes five feet long ; 

 one of the three generally used together is somewhat longer 

 than the others, with a sight-hole at the upper end. To 

 the other two short cross-pieces may be attached at the 



FIG. 15. HOW TO PLACE GRADE STAKES BY MEANS OF TWO BORNING-RODS AND 

 MEASURING ROD. 



upper ends, at exact right angles. Grade stakes for a grad- 

 ually inclined plane may be placed by this means in the 

 following manner : drive a stake at each end, one to mark 

 the highest, the other the lowest part of the slope ; let one 

 man hold a rod vertically on one of the stakes, remain at 

 the other end and direct a third man with another rod to 

 drive grade stakes in a straight line between the two end 

 stakes to the proper level. When, in looking through the 

 sight-hole, the tops of the two rods are on the same plane, 

 the stake is properly placed. Proceed in the same manner 



1 A horticultural term. 



