67 



struct a walk at A, it is clear that some grading must be 

 done in order to make the roadbed perfectly level. It 

 could be done in the manner indicated by the short, dotted 

 line at C, but it is evidently better to make the surface as 

 represented by the solid line. The soil excavated from A 

 will be deposited at B to form a rounded slope, instead of 

 a straight and angular one. If it is found necessary to 

 make a deep cut for a drive or walk, as shown in Fig. 38, 

 or if we want to modify an angular cut like that repre- 



*N 



FIQ. 34. METHOD OF PLACING GRADE STAKES. 



sented by the dotted line, here also we find that the 

 rounded outline is the most pleasing and natural one, and 

 we modify the angular surface, deposit the soil farther 

 away, with a view to planting the shrubberies afterwards 

 to heighten the effect. In all cases where deep excavations 

 are necessary, a sufficiently deep layer of surface soil must 

 be provided in finishing the work. 



If it is necessary to grade according to a given plan, sec- 

 tional drawings being supplied by the landscape architect, 

 it is important to transfer the measures from the drawing 

 to the ground. Fig. 34 shows how this is done. The 

 shaded line represents the actual surface of the ground 

 which it is desirable to change into an undulating lawn, as 

 shown by the dotted line. By means of pegs driven into 



