8 4 Grouping anfc Massing of Urees ant) Sbrubs. 



be as irregular and varied as the space will allow. In some 

 places, where the space is sufficient, it should be composed 

 of taller trees, edged with larger and smaller shrubs, and 

 finished off towards the lawn. In other parts it should be 

 much lower, consisting only of a dense mass of shrubs. In 

 such plantations grass will seldom grow to perfection, and 

 the ground is generally kept bare and forked every autumn 

 and occasionally enriched with a heavy covering of manure. 

 In that case the ground is kept perfectly clean during the 

 summer months by means of frequent raking, and the grass 

 edge along the border must be cut in the same manner as 

 around a flower bed. In many gardens all the shrubberies 

 are planted and treated in this manner, and only a few 

 specimen trees and shrubs on the lawn stand free in the 

 grass. This way of keeping a shrubbery involves a consid- 

 erable amount of labor, and it is far better to have the 

 ground in dense shrubberies and groves covered with 

 woodland flowers, of which there are so many exquisitely 

 beautiful kinds. A choice selection of these should be 

 planted indiscriminately in groups, in places where they 

 are most likely to succeed, and they will generally spread 

 over the whole surface if left alone. If it is desirable to 

 introduce any special kind that requires a different soil 

 from that of the garden, deep layers of leaf soil or peat may 

 be dug in in suitable places, to form irregular beds for 

 such varieties. From sylvan scenes of this nature all coarse 

 weeds must be excluded ; the principal masses should con- 

 sist of windflowers, sweet woodruff (Asperula adorata), les- 

 ser celandine, fumitory (Dicentraformosa and eximia, various 

 species of Corydalis), Alp-violets (Cyclamen Europeurri), and 



