rnamental Sbrubs. 223 



in axillary clusters. Eh. Frangula is a more ornamental 

 shrub, with smooth, obovate leaves and numerous, small 

 whitish flowers. 



New Jersey Tea, CeanoiJms Americanus. A small, 

 spreading shrub with oblong-ovate leaves and large clusters 

 of white flowers. Undergrowth in shrubberies and thickets 

 in moderately good soil. 



THE ILEX FAMILY. 



American Holly, Ilex opaca. This is a small-sized tree 

 or a large shrub, often leafy to the ground. It is one of our 

 few hardy evergreen trees, smaller, but perhaps more 

 beautiful than the European holly. The leaves are oval with 

 slightly spiny and wavy margins ; shiny, very dark green. 

 The red fruit is very ornamental in winter. Hollies are most 

 effective when grown in mixed woods or shrubberies among 

 young birch and large flowering trees and shrubs. It may 

 be planted as an undergrowth in deciduous woods, mixed 

 with rose bay, rhododendron, azalea, and mahonia aquifolia. 

 The holly is unfortunately little appreciated and seldom 

 planted, although it is one of the most beautiful of our 

 native trees. 



THE SPINDLE-TKEE FAMILY. 



Spindle-Tree, Euonymus Europeus. Shrub four or five 

 feet high, with ovate-lanceolate leaves and greenish flowers. 

 Ornamental in winter only, when the showy, red fruit is 

 very effective. The American species (E. atropurpureus 

 and E. Americanus) are also planted occasionally. In 

 woods and thickets as an undergrowth only, or mixed with 

 choicer plants in shrubberies. 



