Spiral Marking 



A DICTIONARY 



Spore 



SPI'RAL DtJCT, see Spiral Ves- 

 sel. 



SPI'RAL MARKING, the spiral 

 fibrous thickening character- 

 istic of spiral ducts or vessels. 



SPI'RAL VES'SEL, a duct or ves- 

 sel having fibrous thickenings 

 upon the wall in the form of a 

 coil or spiral. Formerly called 

 Trachea. 



SPIRE, (1) a young leaf or shoot 

 of grass; (2) the continuation 

 of the trunk, in excurrent 

 trees like pines, above the in- 

 sertion of the lowest branches; 

 (3) one turn of a coil or spiral. 



SPI'RlCLE, a minute spiral thread 

 or filament. 



SPITH'AmA (obs.), see Span. 



SPLASHED (Hort.), having 

 broken stripes of various sizes. 

 Used mainly in describing the 

 coloring of apples. 



SPLIT, the same as Parted. 

 (Obs.) 



SPON'GlOLE, a term formerly 

 applied to the extreme apex 

 of growing roots, which was 

 erroneously supposed to be 

 devoid of epidermis and spe- 

 cially fitted for the absorption 

 of food from the soil. See 

 Root-cap. 



spontaneous Feneration, 



the development of living or- 

 ganisms from dead or inor- 

 ganic matter; equivocal gen- 

 eration; heterogenesis; abio- 

 genesis; autogenesis. The 

 theory of spontaneous gen- 

 eration is not now held by 

 scientists. 



SPOON'FdRM, having the inner 

 surface of a leaf concave or 

 dish-shaped, as the outer leaves 

 of a cabbage-head. (E. S. Goff.) 



SPORAD'iC, scattered; occurring 

 apart from others of the same 

 kind. 



SPORANGE', see Sporangium. 



SP0RAN6lD'!UM, (1) the colu- 

 mella in mosses; (2) a spo- 

 rangium. (Rare.) 



SPORAN GtOLE, an old term for 

 Ascus. Also applied to a small 

 sporangium produced in some 

 genera of Mucorini in addition 

 to the large form, the spores 

 being similar in both; sporan- 

 giolum. 



SP0rAn6I'OLUM, see Sporan- 



GIOLE. 



SPOrAN'GIOPHORE, the stalk, 

 support, or receptacle of a 

 sporangium, including such 

 supports as the sporophyll in 

 Equisetaceoe and the axis or 

 columella from which the spo- 

 rangia arise in the sori of cer- 

 tain ferns. 



SPORANGlOPH'ORtJM, see 



Sporangiophore. 



SPORAN'GtUM (pi. Sporan'gia), 

 any case or capsule imme- 

 diately enclosing spores. Ap- 

 plied chiefly to certain kinds 

 which have not received spe- 

 cial names, such as the spore- 

 cases of fern sand the Mucorini, 

 and rarely used for Ascus, 

 cluster-cup, and other named 

 forms. 



SPORE, one of the reproductive 

 bodies of cryptogams which 

 take the place of the seeds 

 of flowering plants, but from 

 which they differ in con- 

 taining no embryo. Spores 

 usually and properly consist 

 of but one cell, which differs 

 materially in character from 

 the other cells of the plant. 

 They may thus be distin- 

 guished from gemmae, pro- 

 duced by comparatively few 

 plants, which usually contain 

 a number of cells only slightly 

 differing from those of the 

 plant producing them. In a 



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