Topical 



OF BOTANICAL TERMS. Transverse Chorisis 



TOOTH'LfiTED, see Denticu- 

 late. 



TdP'ICAL, local; confined to a 

 limited area. 



T6F SHAPED, see Turbinate. 



TORN, with marginal incisions 

 deep and irregular. (Rare.) 

 Compare Jagged, Laciniate, 

 and Incised. 



TOROSE', cylindrical, and swollen 

 at intervals. See Moniliform. 



TORSION, the state of being 

 twisted spirally. 



TOr'TUOUS, bending or turning 

 in various directions. 



TOR'UlOSE, somewhat torose. 



TO'RUS, (1) the extremity of the 

 stem, upon which the floral 

 organs are situated, usually 

 termed Receptacle; thalamus; 

 (2) a thickened centre in the 

 closing membrane of a bor- 

 dered pit. 



TRABECULA (pi. Trabec'ulee), 

 one of the transverse pro- 

 cesses upon the inner face of 

 the teeth of the peristome in 

 mosses; a projection from the 

 wall across a cavity, as the 

 bands of tissue crossing the 

 sporangia of Isoetes or the cel- 

 lular filaments across the space 

 surrounding the nbrovascular 

 bundles in Selaginella; any 

 cross-bar, as one of the con- 

 necting threads in a reticulum. 

 TRABECULAR, having or per- 

 taining to trabecule; trabecu- 

 late. 



TRABECULAR VESSEL, one 



whose cavity is crossed by 

 ligneous threads or bands. 



TRAbeCUlATE, having trabec- 

 ule; trabecular. 



TRA'CHEA (pi. Tra'<5hese), see 

 Spiral Vessel. 



TRA'CHEID (pi. Tra'chelds or 

 Trache'ides), a woody vessel 



composed of a single cell. 

 Applied mainly to those hav- 

 ing bordered pits. 



TRAILING, elongated, and pros- 

 trate upon the ground, but not 

 rooting. The same as Run- 

 ning, except that the plant 

 may be shorter, or may rise 

 at first from a woody or other- 

 wise self-supporting base. 

 Compare Creeping. 



TRAjECTlLE (obs.), see Dis- 



TRACTILE. 



TRA'MA, the substance of the 

 same character, as the pileus 

 in the gills of agarics. It sup- 

 ports the subhymeneal layer. 



TRANSFORMATION. This term 

 is used in botany mainly in the 

 same sense as Metamorphosis. 

 A petal, for example, is called 

 a transformed or metamor- 

 phosed leaf, not because the 

 particular petal under consid 

 eration has ever been a foliage- 

 leaf, but because it is a leaf in 

 a special or unusual condition. 

 The word Transformation is 

 also used for the changes in a 

 particular organ during its de- 

 velopment or growth. 



TRANSMUTATION, see Metabo- 

 lism. 



TRANSPIRATION, the normal 

 escape of fluids from within 

 the plant; exhalation. It in- 

 cludes not only the escape of 

 moisture, both in the form of 

 vapor and, as occasionally oc- 

 curs, in the liquid state, but 

 also the gaseous products of 

 respiration. The transpira- 

 tion of moisture is sometimes, 

 but unnecessarily, termed Per- 

 spiration. 



TRANSVERSE' CHO'RlsIS, when 

 two or more organs iu place of 

 one stand one above or within 

 another ; vertical chorisis. 



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