ANA 



ANA 



In chemical language, it is the soda sili- 

 cate proportionate to amphigen. 



ANALE'MMA {dvd\t]fxij.a, a pedestal 

 for a sun-dial). A projection of the sphere 

 on the plane of the meridian, made by 

 straight lines and ellipses, the eye being 

 supposed at an infinite distance, and in 

 the east and west points of the horizon. 

 Also, an instrument of brass or wood, on 

 which the projection is made (the plane 

 of projection being the solstitial colure), 

 with a moveable horizon attached to it. 



ANALE'PTICS (dvaXafx/Sdvu, to re- 

 store). Restoratives ; tonic remedies for 

 restoring the health, when it has been 

 impaired by disease or other causes. 



ANA'LOGOUS NOUN {dvdKoyo^, ac- 

 cording to rule). A logical term, applied 

 to a noun which has only one significa- 

 tion, but admits of being applied in a 

 modified or subordinate sense, to objects 

 which bear no more than an analogy or 

 similarity to its original signification : as 

 the noun sting— of an animal— of con- 

 science — of an epigram. 



A'NALOGUE {uvdXoyo?, according to 

 rule), A body which resembles or cor- 

 responds with another body : a recent 

 shell of the same species, as a fossil shell 

 is the analogue of the latter. A part or 

 organ in one animal which has the same 

 function, as another part or organ in a 

 different animal is an analogue of the 

 latter. See Homologue. 



ANA'LOGY (uvdAoYo?, according to 

 rule). A term denoting, in common ac- 

 ceptation, an imperfect degree of resem- 

 blance between different objects. In 

 Geometry it signifies proportion, simili- 

 tude, or equality of ratios or relations. 

 In Zoology it indicates the relation which 

 animals bear to one another in conse- 

 quence of their resemblance in the early 

 period of development, or in the less pro- 

 portion of their organization, and must 

 not be confounded with affinity : thus, a 

 whale is analogous to a fish, from its 

 general resemblance and its habitation, 

 but it belongs to the class Mammalia, 

 which includes no fishes. 



ANA'LYSIS (di/uAuo), to resolve). A 

 method of instruction, which begins with 

 those objects which are most known ; 

 examines their properties and relations ; 

 compares them together; traces back 

 eflfects to causes ; and thus proceeds by a 

 path opposite to the course of nature, 

 until it arrives at general principles and 

 laws. This is the process of induction. 

 The synthetic method is the reverse of 

 the analytic, as it proceeds from general 

 24 



to subordinate truths, from universals to 

 particulars, from causes to effects. 



1. Geometrical Analysis is defined by 

 Pappus, as " the course which, setting 

 out from the thing sought, and which for 

 the moment is taken for granted, con- 

 ducts by a series of consequences to 

 something already known, or placed 

 among the number of principles admitted 

 to be true. By this method, therefore, 

 we ascend from a truth or a proposition 

 to its antecedents ; and we call it analy- 

 sis, or resolution, as if indicating an 

 inverted solution. In synthesis, on the 

 contrary, we set out from the proposition 

 which is the last in the analysis, and 

 proceed by arranging, according to their 

 nature, the antecedents which present 

 themselves as consequents in the ana- 

 lytic method, and combining them to- 

 gether till we arrive at the conclusion 

 sought." 



2. Chemical Analysis. The resolution of 

 compounds into their elementary parts. 

 When merely the number and nature of 

 these are ascertained, it is termed quali- 

 tative analysis ; when their proportions 

 also are determined, the analysis is quan- 

 titative. Every distinct compound, which 

 exists really formed, is called a proxi- 

 mate or immediate principle, and the pro- 

 cess of procuring it is termed proximate 

 analysis. The reduction of the proxi- 

 mate principles into their simplest parts 

 constitutes ultimate analysis. Lee Syn- 

 thesis. 



ANAMORPHO'SIS {dvd, again, )u6p- 

 (puxTi^, formation). A distorted repre- 

 sentation of an object, which is capable, 

 however, of assummg its proper appear- 

 ance, when viewed in a particular direc- 

 tion or through a particular medium. 

 The figure is also restored, in some« 

 cases, by causing the anamorphosis to be 

 reflected from specula with certain sur- 

 faces, as those of cones and cylinders. 

 The term catoptric anamorphosis is ap- 

 plied to a drawing which has been dis- 

 torted according to regular laws, in order 

 to produce this effect ; and also to its re- 

 flected image in a cylindrical or conical 

 mirror. 



ANASTATIC PRINTING {hvitrra- 

 fxat, to rise up). A recently invented 

 process for copying from a printed page 

 of any size, from a line engraving, or 

 from any other print, founded on the re- 

 pulsion of dissimilar, and the mutual 

 attraction of similar, particles, as exhi- 

 bited by water, oil, and gum arable. The 

 term is derived from the technical ex- 



