ANI 



principle, the spirit of animation, &c. In 

 pure Latin, the word denotes breath, 

 animal life, the air we breathe; and is 

 sometimes synonymous with animus, the 

 soul. 



ANIMAL KINGDOM. The appella- 

 tion given to that great division of natu- 

 ral bodies, to which animals belong. 



I. Sub-kingdom Vertebrata. 



Myelencephala (Owen). 

 Spinicerebrata (Grant). 



ANN 



These were distributed by Cuvier into 

 four large groups, viz. Vertebrata, Mol- 

 lusca, Articulata, and Radiata. This 

 arrangement has, however, been modi- 

 fied, and new terms introduced by more 

 recent writers, as will appear in the sub- 

 joined table : 



Class i. Mammalia. 



2. Aves. 



3. Amphibia. 



II. Sub-kingdom Articulata. 



Homogangliata (Owen). 

 Diploneura (Grant). 

 Annulosa (Macleay). 

 Class 1. Cirrhopoda. ] 4. Insecta. 



2. Annellida. 5. Arachnids. 



3. Myriapoda. | 6. Crustacea. 



4. Reptilia. 



5. Pisces. 



III. Sub-kingdom Mollusc A. 



Heterogangliata (Owen). 



Cycloglangiata (Grant). 



Class 1. Cephalopoda, i 4. Pteropoda. 



2. Gasteropoda. 5. Conchifera. 



3. Brachiopoda. | 6. Tunicata. 



IV. Sub-kingdom Radiata. 

 Cycloneura (Grant). 



Nematoneura (Owen). 



Class Radiaria, Lamarck. 



Acrita (Macleay). 



Echinoderma, Cuvier. 



Class Polypi, Cuvier. 



Acalepha, Cuvier. 



Ciliobrachiata, Farre. 



Anthozoa, Ehrenh. 

 Class Entozoa, Rudolphi. 



Nudibrachiata, Farre. 



Coelelraintha, Owen. 



Class Infusoria, Cuvier. 



Sterelmintha, Owen. 



Rotifera, Ehrenh. 



ANIMAL MAGNETISM. A supposed 

 agent, of a peculiar nature, discovered 

 by Anton Mesmer, and said to be capable 

 of producing, in some mysterious way, 

 the most powerful effects on the human 

 economy. 



ANIMA'LCULES (dim. of animal). 

 Microscopic animals existing in rivers and 

 ponds, and in all animal and vegetable in- 

 fusions. The term was originally applied 

 to a vast number of creatures widely dif- 

 fering from one another in every parti- 

 cular except minuteness of size, but is 

 now restricted to that division of infu- 

 sorial animalcules, termed, from their 

 digestive apparatus, polygastrica. 



A'NION {dviov, that which goes up). 

 A term applied by Mr. Faraday to the 

 body which passes to the positive pole, 

 or anode of the decomposing body, as 

 it is separated by electricity. See Kation. 



ANISO'BRYOUS {^vtcroi, unequal, 

 28 



Polygastria, Ehrenb. 

 /3pvco, to grow). That which grov/s un- 

 equally; a term applied by some writers 

 to monocotyledonous plants, which, hav- 

 ing only one cotyledon, grow with unequal 

 force on the two sides of their axis. For 

 the same reason, such plants have been 

 called anisodynamous, from dvvajjn^, force. 

 ANISOSTE'MONOUS (civ^tror, un- 

 equal, a-rrjijiwv, a stamen). A term ap- 

 ■ plied to plants in which the number of 

 ; stamens does not correspond with the 

 number, or any power of the number, of 

 I the petals or of the sepals. 

 I ANNEALING. The pi^cess of heat- 

 ing a metallic body, and suffering it to cool 

 I again in a moderate temperature, in 

 I order to restore its malleability, which it 

 is apt to lose under the operation of ham- 

 mering. If cooled too suddenly, it be- 

 comes extremely brittle. The Annealing 

 of Glass is conducted in the same man- 

 ner, and is necessary to prevent its flying 



