ANT 



ANT 



for the activity of their movements, and 

 for the solidity of the core, or bony 

 support of their horns. The name ante- 

 lope is a corruption of antholops, and this 

 is derived from avOo^, a flower, and 

 M^, the eye, — in allusion to the beautiful 

 eyes of the gazelle, or "antholops" of 

 Eustathius. 



ANTE'NNja (antenna, a yard-arm). 

 The articulated horns, or jointed feelers, 

 with which the heads of insects and 

 crustaceans are invariably furnished. In 

 the latter class they are usually four in 

 number, consisting each of a scape, a 

 pedicel of two joints, and a clavolet, which 

 is divided into many minute joints. The 

 term antennae is sometimes applied to 

 the analogous parts, which are not 

 jointed, in worms and other animals. 



ANTE'RIOR. Before, This term, 

 applied to bivalve shells, denotes that 

 valve in which the ligament is not placed. 



ANTHE'LION [dvil, opposite, ^jXto?, 

 the sun), A bright spot, opposite to the 

 sun. The horizontal circle attendant 

 upon halos is usually accompanied by 

 parhelia, and occasionally by anthelia. 



A'NTHER {dver\p6^, from ixvBea, to 

 flourish). The part of a plant which has 

 hitherto been considered as the fertilizing 

 organ. It is the essential i)art of the 

 stamen, consisting, in most cases, of two 

 thecse placed at the top of the filament, 

 and hence called the hilocular anther. 

 The anther is termed, 



1. Innate, when it is attached to the 

 filament by its base, as in sparganiura, 



2. Adnate, when it is attached to the 

 filament by its back, as in polygonum. 



3. Versatile, when it is attached to the 

 filament by a single point of the con- 

 nective, from which it lightly swings, as 

 in grasses. 



4. Antica or introrsa, when the line of 

 its dehiscence is towards the pistil. 



5. Postica or extrorsa, when the line of 

 its dehiscence is towards the petals. 



ANTHERI'DIA. Little anthers; a 

 designation of the jointed filaments 

 which occur in mosses, containing vibrios 

 lodged in mucous cells, and surround 

 the rudiment of the future theca. They 

 are also called staminidia, or little sta- 

 mens, though they appear to have no 

 analogy to the stamens of flowering 

 plants. ' 



A'NTHIARIN. A gum resin, obtained 

 from the Anthiaris toxicaria, the most 

 deadly of the Upas poisons, employed by 

 the inhabitants of the East Indian Archi- 

 pelago to poison their arrows. 

 31 



ANTHOCA'RPOUS [avdo^, a flower, 

 KapTTOf, fruit). A term applied, in Bo- 

 tany, to multiple fruits formed by masses 

 of inflorescence in a state of adhesion, as 

 the pine-apple, the fir-cone, &c. 



ANTHO'DIUM (a^6^a.5r,f, flowery, full 

 of flowers). A term sometimes applied 

 by botanists to the inflorescence of the 

 Compositae, which is more commonly 

 called a capitulum. In either case it is 

 merely a depressed spike. 



ANTHO'PHOIIUM ('Av9o9, a flower, 

 ^t'pw, to bear). A term applied by De 

 Candolle to an elongated internode which 

 occurs below the receptacle in the Caryo- 

 phyllaceae, and bears on its summit the 

 petals and stamens 



ANTHOPHY'LLITE (cii/^o?, a flower, 

 ^vWov, a leaf). A massive mineral, of a 

 brownish colour, found at Konigsberg in 

 Norway. Its appearance suggests that 

 of the anthophyllus, or clove, which de- 

 rives its name from the fragrance of its 

 flowers and the beauty of its leaves. 



ANTHOZO'A {'dvOoi, a flower, ^Coov, 

 an animal). A term applied by Ehren- 

 berg to a class of polyps, including the 

 actinia and allied species, commonly 

 called animal-flowers. 



A'NTHRACITE (ai/6'paf, a burning 

 coal). A species of slaty coal found in 

 the transition-rock formation, and often 

 called stone coal, glance coal, and blind 

 coal. It differs from common coal, which 

 it frequently accompanies, in containing 

 no bituminous substances, and in not 

 yielding inflammab'e gases by distillation. 

 It consists, in some specimens, of 95 per 

 cent, of carbon. Its varieties are the 

 massive or conchoidal, the slaty, and the 

 columnar. 



A'NTHRACOTHE'BIUM {avOpa^, a 

 coal, Onpiov, a wild beast). The name of 

 an extinct quadruped, supposed to belong 

 to the Pachydermata, the bones of which 

 were first found in lignite and coal of the 

 tertiary strata. 



ANTHRANPLIC ACID. An acid 

 obtained by the action of fused potash 

 on indigo. 



ANTHROPO'GRAPHY (tivfJpwTrof, 

 man, 7pa^a>, to describe), A description 

 of mankind, with reference to their geo- 

 graphical distribution, the physical cha- 

 racter and language of their classes, their 

 distinction into nations and tribes, and 

 their religious and domestic habits. See 

 Ethnography. 



ANTHROPO'LOGY (cii/^pwTroj-, man, 

 Xo^of , an account). The science or theory 

 of man, with reference to the physiolo- 

 C4 



