BOTANY. 



Sub-class II. Incompletae, or Apetalae. 



Calyx altogether absent Achlamydosa. 



Calyx present. 



Embryo curved round albumen CurvembryoscB. 



Embryo straight. 



Stamens monadelphous Columnoscc. 



Stamens distinct. 



Calyx tubular, often corolliform Tuhiferoscc. 



Calyx very imperfect Rectembryosee. 



Sub-class III. Monopetalae. 



Fruit consisting of but one perfect carpel Aggregosas. 



Fruit of several carpels. 



Ovary inferior Epigynosce. 



Ovary superior. 



Carpels three or more Polycarposcs. 



Carpels only two. 



Fruit nucamentaceous Nucamentoscs. 



Fruit capsular Dicarposce. 



Class II.— Endogens, or Monocotyledonous Flowering Plants. 



Leaves straight-veined. Stem increasing in diameter by the addition of new matter 

 to the centre. Flowers with a ternary division. Embryo with one cotyledon. Germi- 

 nation endorrhizous. 



Divisions of Br. Lindley. — There are two primary divisions, one having the 

 organization of the flowers perfect, i. e. with a distinct calyx and corolla, and a 

 regular consolidated cotyledon ; the other imperfect, the calyx and corolla being 

 either entirely absent, or in an incomplete condition, and the cotyledon being com- 

 monly rolled up without consolidation, or actually flat. The former includes four 

 groups, the latter two, the characters of which are stated in the following table : — 



Perfect Endogens. 



Group 1.— Epigynos^. Anthers distinct. Flowers complete, formed upon a ter- 

 nary plan. Ovary inferior ; or, if superior, then the leaves either 

 scurfy or equitant. 

 Zingiberaceae. Musacege. Haemodoraceae. Taccaceae. Bromeliaceae 

 Marantaceae. Amaryllidaceae. Burmanniaceae. Iridaceae. Hydro- 

 characeae. 

 Group 2. — Gynandros^. Stamens and style consolidated into a central column. 

 Flowers complete, formed upon a ternary plan. Ovary inferior, usually 

 once-celled, with scobiform seeds. 

 Orchidaceae. Vanillaceae. Apostasiaceae. 

 Group 3.— Hypogynos^. Flowers coloured, formed upon a ternary plan. Ovary 

 superior. 

 Palmaceae. Melanthaceae. Liliaceae. Butomaceae. Juncaceae. 

 Pontederaceae. Gilliesiaceae. Commelinaceae. Alismaceae. Phily- 

 draceae. 

 Group 4. — Retosje. Leaves either with many ribs, the intervals between which are 

 irregularly netted, or with a midrib and netted sides ; foot-stalk taper, 

 articulated with the stem. Embryo without a lateral slit. Flowers 

 never arranged in a spadix. Floral envelopes complete. 

 Smilaceae. Dioscoreaceae. Roxburghiaceae. 



Imperfect Endogens. 



Group 5.— Spadicos^. Flowers herbaceous or imperfect ; the perianth sometimes 

 absent. Embryo with a lateral slit for the emission of the plumule. 

 Pandanaceae. Araceae. Typhaceae. Juncaginaceae. 

 Cyclauthacese. Acoraceae. Naiadaceae. Pistiaceae. 

 '59 D 6 



