C AL 



C AL 



The plagal cadence, sometimes called an 

 imperfect cadence, consists of the chord 

 of the subdominant, followed by that of 

 the tonic. 



CADET, LIQUOR OF. Alcarsin. 

 A liquid obtained by distilling acetate of 

 potash and arsenious acid, and remark- 

 able for its insupportable odour and 

 spontaneous inflammability in air. 



CA'DMIUM. A bluish-white metal 

 found in several of the ores of zinc ; so 

 named from cadmia fossilis, a former 

 name of the common ore of zinc. 



CADU'CIBRA'NCHIATE {caducus, 

 falling, brancMcB, gills). A division of 

 Amphibious animals, which, though fur- 

 nished in the early period of their exist- 

 ence with gills and lungs, eventually lose 

 all traces of the former, as in the frog, 

 the newt, &c. 



CADU'COUS [cado, to fall). A term 

 applied in Botany to parts which fall 

 early, as the calyx of the poppy, the 

 petals of the gum cistus, &c. Parts which 

 continue on the plant long are termed 

 persistent. 



C^'CUM {ccecus, blind). A blind tube, 

 or cul-de-sac; a tube which terminates 

 in a closed end. 



CiE'SPITOSE {ccBspes, a turf or sod). 

 Growing in tufts ; forming dense patches 

 or tufts, as the young stems of many 

 plants. 



CiESU'RA {ccedo, to cut). A term de- 

 noting a cutting, equivalent to the Greek 

 TOfxi], and applied by grammarians to the 

 place in a verse where a word ends, and 

 the voice pauses a little. 1. In a heroic 

 or hexameter, the most common caesura 

 is the penthemimeral, which occurs after 

 the fifth foot, as, " Tit3'-re, tu patulae," 

 &c. 2. The hephtli emimeral caesura oc- 

 curs after the seventh half-foot, as " For- 

 mosam resonare doces," &c. 3. The 

 bucolic caesura, used by the bucolic or 

 pastoral poets, occurs after the fourth 

 dactyl, as, " Ambo florentes aetatibus," 

 &c. 4. The caesura occurs also after the 

 third trochee, after the second dactyl, and 

 after the third dactyl, the last instance 

 being somewhat rare. See Incision. 



CA'FFEIC ACID. An acid discovered 

 in coffee, containing the aroma of the 

 roasted seed. Caffein is a neutral crys- 

 talline substance obtained from unroasted 

 coffee. 



CAIRNGORM. A species of quartz, 

 so named from a mountain of that name 

 in Scotland, where it was once plentiful. 

 It is a variety of rock crystal. 



CA'LAMINE {calamus, a reed). The 

 64 



impure carbonate of zinc; a pulveru- 

 lent mineral, generally of a reddish 

 colour. 



CA'LAMITE. A light-green mineral 

 found in serpentine with magnetic iron 

 and calcareous spar, near Normark in 

 Sweden. 



CA'LAMUS. A reed ; a term adopted 

 by De CandoUe for all fistular simple 

 stems without articulations, as those of 

 rushes. 



CA'LATHIS; CALA'THIUM {^dXa- 

 Oi9, KaXdOtov, a basket). Terms adopted 

 by some continental botanists for the 

 capitulum or anthodium of other writers, 

 denoting the inflorescence of Compositse. 



CALC SINTER {kalk, lime, sintern, 

 to drop), A German name for carbonate 

 of lime, occurring in stalactitical forms 

 by the infiltration of carbonated lime- 

 water through the crevices of the roofs of 

 caverns. 



CALCAIRE GROSSIER. Coarse lime- 

 stone ; an extensive stratum, or rather, 

 series of strata, found in the Paris- 

 Basin, belonging to the Eocene tertiary 

 period. 



CA'LCARATE (calcar, a spur). 

 Spurred, having a spur or spur-like ap- 

 pendage, as the petals of aquilegia. The 

 calcar is sometimes called nectarotheca, 

 or honey-depository, though it rarely 

 secretes honey. 



CALCA'REOUS. The name of a class 

 of earths, consisting of lime and carbonic 

 acid, as chalk, marble, &c. 1. Calcareous 

 rock is another term for limestone. 2. Cal- 

 careous spar is crystallized carbonate of 

 lime ; Iceland spar is one of its purest 

 varieties. 3. Calcareous grit is a sub- 

 division of the middle oolitic forma- 

 tion. 4. Calcareous sandstone is another 

 subdivision of the same formation. 



CA'LCES. Plural of calx, quicklime. 

 A former name for oxides, from their 

 earthy character, resembling lime. The 

 calx of tin is now called the oxide of 

 tin. 



CALCINATION [calx, quicklime). 

 A term formerly applied to express the 

 oxidation of a metal effected by the action 

 of the air : the oxide thus formed was 

 denominated a calx, from its being earthy 

 like lime. The terra is now generally 

 applied whenever any solid matter has 

 been subjected to heat, so as to be con- 

 vertible into a state of powder. 



CA'LCIUM {calx, quicklime). A pe- 

 culiar metal discovered by Davy, of 

 which lime is the well-known oxide. 



CALCTUFF. An alluvial formation 



