CAM 



CAM 



CALORI'METER [calor, heat, /xtrpov, 

 measure). An apparatus for measuring 

 the capacity of bodies for heat by the 

 quantity of ice which they are capable of 

 melting. Rumford's water calorimeter, 

 consisting of a vessel filled with water 

 through which a spiral tube is conducted, 

 is employed for ascertaining the specific 

 heat of gases. 



CALOfRIMOTOR, {calor, caloric, 

 moveo, to move). An apparatus, con- 

 structed by Dr. Hare of Philadelphia, for 

 evolving caloric. 



CALY'BIO {KaXv/3iov, a little hut). A 

 term by which Mirbel designates the 

 fruit called gland or nucule by other 

 writers. It is applied to the fruit of the 

 oak, of the chestnut, of the hazel. 



CALYCIFLO'RiE {calyx, a flower-cup, 

 flos, a flower). Plants which have their 

 flowers furnished with both a calyx and 

 a corolla, the latter consisting of distinct 

 petals, and their stamens perigynous. 



CALY'CULATE {calyculus, a little 

 calyx). Having an involucrum of bracts 

 exterior to the calyx, as in many of the 

 compositae. 



CALY'PTRA (KaXviTTco, to veil). Lite- 

 rally, a veil or hood. A term applied to 

 a membranous covering, which envelopes 

 parts of certain plants, as the spore- 

 vessel of mosses, the stamens of euca- 

 lyptus, &c. Such parts are said to be ca- 

 lyptrate. 



CALYPTRiE'ID^. Chambered lim- 

 pets ; a family of gasteropods, named 

 from the genus Calyplrcea. Some of 

 these occur in a fossil state in beds of the 

 pliocene, miocene, and eocene periods. 



CALYX (/cdAi/f, a cup). The flower- 

 cup, or external envelope of the floral 

 apparatus. See Sepal. 



CA'MBIUM. A viscid juice abounding 

 in spring between the bark and wood of 

 trees, and supposed to be closely con- 

 nected with the developement of woody 

 fibre. 



CA'MBRIAN GROUP. A Welsh 

 group of rocks, constituting the upper 

 of the clay-slate series, and comprising 

 the Snowdon Rock, the Bala Limestone, 

 and the Plinlimmon Rocks. 



CAME'LIDiE. The Camel tribe; a 

 family of the Ruminantia, including the 

 camels of the Old World, and the lamas 

 of the New. By some naturalists they 

 are referred to the horse tribe of the 

 Pachydermata. 



CAME'LOPARD^. A family of the 

 Ruminantia, including only the giraffes, 

 and characterized by the shortness and 



permanence of the horns, which are co- 

 vered by a skin. 



CAME'LOPA'RDALUS. The Ca- 

 mel o,<ard ; a modern northern constel- 

 lation, consisting of fifty-eight stars. 



CA'MERA OBSCURA. An instru- 

 ment consisting, as the term denotes, of 

 a darkened chamber, into which the rays 

 of light, from an illuminated object, are 

 admitted by means of a small aperture ; 

 these rays are received upon a white 

 screen, and thus the object is distinctly 

 seen in an inverted position. The in- 

 strument is constructed on the principle 

 that light is propagated in right lines. 



Camera lucida. This term denotes a 

 lightened chamber, though no chamber is 

 employed. The contrixance is founded 

 on the fact, that when light is attempted 

 to be thrown from a denser into a rarer 

 medium at more than a certain angle, 

 depending on the two media, no light 

 will pass through, but all will be reflected. 

 The principle is the same as that of the 

 camera obscura, viz. that of throwing 

 images of external objects upon a plane 

 or curved surface, for the purpose of 

 drawing or amusement. 



CAMPANULA'CE^ {campanula, a 

 little bell). The Campanula tribe of 

 Dicotyledonous plants. Herbaceous 

 plants or under-shrubs, yielding a milky 

 juice. Corolla gamopetalous, inserted 

 into the top of the calyx, and withering 

 on the fruit. Stamens inserted into the 

 calyx, alternate with the lobes of the 

 corolla. Ovary inferior, with two or 

 more cells. Fruit dry, crowned by the 

 withered calyx and corolla, and dehiscing 

 by apertures or valves. 



CAMPA'NULATE {campanula, a little 

 bell). Bell-shaped ; a term applied in 

 Botany to the calyx and the corolla, when 

 shaped like a little bell. 



CA'MPHINE. A spirit for burning 

 in lamps, said to consist of oil of turpen- 

 tine with a species of naphtha. 



CA'MPHOGEN. A colourless liquid 

 procured by distilling camphor with an- 

 hydrous phosphoric acid. 



CA'MPHORIC ACID. An acid pro- 

 cured by digesting camphor in nitric acid. 

 Campholic acid has the consistence of 

 camphor, but contains two parts more of 

 hydrogen and oxygen. 



CA'MPHRONE. A light oil procured 

 by placing Camphor in contact with red- 

 hot quicklime. 



CAMPYLO'TROPOUS {Ka/iTrvXa^, 

 curved, Tpeno), to turn). A term applied 

 to the ovule of plants, when its axis, in- 



