CHR 



CIN 



oxygen and forms chromic acid, the sa- 

 line compounds of which are called chro- 

 mates. 



CHRO'MULE (xpw/ixa, colour). The 

 name of the colouring matter of plants. 

 It has been also termed chlorophylle ; but 

 as the latter term merely expresses the 

 greenness of leaves, it is inapplicable to 

 the variously coloured granules found in 

 vegetable tissue. 



CHRONO'LOGY (xpovo^^ time, \6- 

 70P, description). The arrangement of 

 historical events according to the order 

 of time. Dates are to History, what 

 the latitude and longitude are to Naviga- 

 tion, fixing the exact position of the 

 object to which they are applied. 



CHRONO'METER (xp6i/op, time, /ue- 

 Tpov, measure). A time-keeper ; an in- 

 strument used for determining the longi- 

 tude at sea, and for the purpose of mea- 

 suring accurately small periods of time. 

 It differs from a common watch in having 

 a detached escapement, and a compensa- 

 tion for heat and cold. 



CHRY'SALIS ixpvcoiy gold). A fan- 

 ciful name for the nymph or pupa state 

 of insect life, from the glittering spots of 

 golden hue with which the animal is 

 sometimes speckled. 



CHRY'SENE. A substance found 

 among the products of the distillation of 

 wood. 



CHRYSI'DIDiE. A family of Hyme- 

 nopterous insects, of the section Pupi- 

 vora, named from the genus chrysis, and 

 remarkable for their brilliant colours. 

 Some of them are termed ruby-tail flies. 



CHRYSOBA'LANACEiE. The Cocoa- 

 plum tribe of Dicotyledonous plants, 

 nearly allied to Rosaceae, from which 

 they differ in having a style proceeding 

 from the very base of the ovary, and 

 irregular stamens and petals. The fruit 

 of Chrysohalanus Icaco is eaten, in the 

 West Indies, under the name of cocoa- 

 plum. 



CHRY'SOBERYL. A green gem, con- 

 sisting of glucina and alumina, occurring, 

 massive and crystallized, in North Ame- 

 rica and Brazil. It is the cymophane of 

 Hatiy. 



CHRY'SOLITE. A precious stone 

 brought from the Levant, termed peridot 

 by Haiiy. Ure says that chrysolite is the 

 topaz of the ancients, while our topaz is 

 their chrysolite. A variety called, from 

 its colour olivine, occurs in basalt in 

 Germany. Chusite is said to be another 

 variety of this gem. 



CHRY'SOPRASE. A rare apple-green 

 77 



chalcedony, found in Silesia, which owes 

 its colour to the presence of nickel. 



CICA'DIDiE {cicada, a cricket). The 

 Cricket tribe ; a family of the trimerous 

 Homoptera, characterized by their power 

 of producing a shrill, continuous sound, 

 by means of a peculiar apparatus situated 

 beneath the abdomen. 



CICA'TRICULE {cicatrix, a scar). 

 A little scar ; the scar formed by the 

 separation of a leaf from its stem. A 

 stem so marked, is said to be scarred or 

 cicatrized. 



CICHORACEiE. A division of the 

 Compositae, in which the florets are all 

 ligulate, the juice usually milky, bitter, 

 astringent, and narcotic, as in cichorium 

 or succory, endive, and some species of 

 lettuce. 



CICINDE'LIDiE. A family of Coleo- 

 pterous insects, named from the typical 

 genus cicindela, and distinguished by the 

 presence of six palpi, and by their de- 

 riving their subsistence on the land. 



CI'LIA {cilium, an eye-lash). A term 

 used to designate a peculiar sort of mov- 

 ing organs, resembling microscopic hairs. 

 The terms ciliary motion and vibratile 

 motion have been employed to express 

 the appearance produced by the moving 

 cilia. Any part is said to be ciliated 

 which is fringed with hairs, as the margin 

 of some leaves. 



CILIOBRA'CHIATE {cilia, vibratile 

 hairs, brachium, the arm). A term ap- 

 plied by Dr. Arthur Farre to those polyps, 

 whose arms are covered with cilia, form- 

 ing important agents in securing prey. 

 These are the bryozoa of Ehrenberg, and 

 are ranged among the tubular polyps of 

 Cuvier. 



CILIO'GRADA {cilia, vibratile hairs, 

 gradior, to advance). A group of the 

 Acalephce, in which the organs of motion 

 consist of vibratile cilia disposed upon 

 the surface of the body, which in their 

 motions and ofl[ice resemble those of the 

 polygastric animalcules. 



CIMI'CIDiE. A family of Hemipte- 

 rous insects, named from the " familiar 

 beast" cimex. or the bug. 



CI'MOLITE. Cimolian earth. A hy- 

 drous silicate of alumina, found in the 

 island of Cimola, used for the same pur- 

 poses as fuller's earth. 



CINCHONA'CE^. The Cinchona 

 tribe of dicotyledonous plants. Trees or 

 shrubs with leaves opposite ; flowers in 

 panicles; stamens arising from the co- 

 rolla ; fruit inferior, either splitting into 

 two cocci or indehiscent. 



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