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Substances directly decomposable by 

 electricity are termed electrolytes. The 

 elements of an electrolyzed body are 

 called ions—ihdX which passes to the 

 anode, anion ; that to the kathode, kation. 

 Thus, if water be electrolyzed, oxygen 

 and hydrogen are ions; the former an 

 anion, the latter a kation. 



ELECTRO-MAGNETISM. The sci- 

 ence which comprehends all the pheno- 

 mena in which electricity develops mag- 

 netic influences. 



ELECTRO-METALLURGY. The art 

 of working in metals by galvanic agency. 



ELECTRO'METER (/xerpov, a mea- 

 sure). An instrument for ascertaining 

 the intensity of electricity, or the quan- 

 tity and quality of electricity in an elec- 

 trified body. 



ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. A term 

 applied by Volta to the development of 

 electricity in voltaic combinations. The 

 bodies by whose mutual contact it is 

 developed are called electromotors. 



ELECTRO-NEGATIVES and POSI- 

 TIVES. These terms denote that, during 

 decomposition, bodies exhibit a different 

 electric condition from that of the pole 

 at which they appear. The former are 

 those bodies which appear at the positive 

 pole of the battery ; the latter are those 

 which pass to the negative pole. Oxygen 

 is the most electro negative, potassium 

 the most electro-positive, of all known 

 bodies. 



ELECTRO'PHORUS (0^pw, to carry). 

 A carrier of electricity : an instrument 

 which possesses the property of main- 

 taining for a length of time, by its in- 

 ductive process, the electrical tension 

 which has been excited by friction in a 

 non-conductor. 



ELE'CTROPO'LAR. A term applied 

 to conductors, one end or surface of 

 which is positive, the other negative — a 

 condition which they commonly exhibit 

 when under the influence of induction. 



ELE'CTROSCOPE (o-xoTreo), to ex- 

 amine). An instrument for indicating 

 electrical excitement, and the electrical 

 state by which it is produced ; in other 

 words, for exhibiting the attractive and 

 repulsive agencies of electricity. 



ELECTRO - THERMANCY. The 

 branch of science which investigates the 

 effects produced by the electric current 

 upon the temperature of good conductors, 

 when it passes from one metal into an- 

 other in the same circuit. These eflTects 

 are the converse of those of thermo-elec- 

 tricity. I 

 118 



ELECTRO-TINT. An application of 

 electrotype, in which the required sub- 

 ject is painted on copper with a thick 

 varnish or paint ; the plate is then pre- 

 pared in the usual way, and submitted to 

 the voltaic circuit ; a plate is thus ob- 

 tained from which prints are furnished. 



ELECTROTO'NIC STATE. The pecu- 

 liar latent state of an induced conductor, 

 during the continued action of the elec- 

 tric current upon it, resembling that of a 

 conductor put in a state of tension by in- 

 duction. 



ELECTROTYPE. The science by 

 which facsimile medals are executed in 

 copper by means of electricity. It con- 

 sists in preparing for a negative plate 

 models or moulds of objects to be co- 

 pied ; and in so arranging the battery, or 

 apparatus which generates the voltaic 

 current, as to release the metals in a 

 compact and solid form, 



ELECTRO - VITAL CURRENTS. 

 Neuro-vital Currents. The name of two 

 electric currents, supposed to exist in 

 animals, — the one external and cuta- 

 neous, moving from the extremities to 

 the cerebro-spinal axis ; the other inter- 

 nal, going from the cerebro-spinal axis to 

 the internal organs situated beneath the 

 skin. 



ELE'CTRUM. Argentiferous gold ; an 

 ore of gold, consisting of 64 parts gold, 

 and 36 silver, occurring together with 

 massive heavy spar in Siberia. 



ELEMENT. A simple substance ; a 

 substance which has not been chemically 

 resolved into different substances, as 

 iron. The rust of iron, on the other 

 hand, is a compound, being resolvable 

 into metallic iron, oxygen, and carbonic 

 acid. A compound may consist of sub- 

 stances which are susceptible of further 

 decomposition : these are called proxi- 

 mate elements. If the decomposition be 

 repeated without obtaining simple sub- 

 stances, the constituents then found are 

 intermediate elements ; and those last 

 arrived at are known as ultimate ele- 

 ments. 



Example:— ^di\t\}eixe is a compound. 

 It consists of two compounds, potash 

 and nitric acid : these are proximate and 

 intermediate elements. Each of these is 

 resolvable — the former into potassium 

 and oxygen, the latter into nitrogen and 

 oxygen : these are ultimate elements. 



E'LEMI. A resin which exudes from 

 incisions made in the bark of the Amyrit 

 elemifera, an American tree. 

 ELE'NCHUS (eAeyxof, a proof). In 



