END 



ENH 



Crocodiles, and comprising the fossil 

 genera Ichthyosaurzis and Plesiosaurus, 

 marine animals connected with the 

 Chelonia by the flattening of their ex- 

 tremities into fin-like paddles. 



ENCAU'STIC PAINTING {k-fKava- 

 TiKoi, belonging to burning in). A 

 method of painting employed by the 

 ancients, in which the colours were ren- 

 dered permanent by a process of heating 

 or burning. The practice is briefly, 

 but not sufficiently, described by Pliny, 

 in his " Natural History," xxx. 11. 



ENCE'PHALA {kv, in, Kc^aX^, the 

 head). Those molluscous animals which 

 have a distinct head. 



ENCEPHALA'TA {ky<e<pa\ov, the 

 brain). A term applied by Dr. Grant to 

 the Vertebrata, consisting of animals 

 in which the brain is enclosed in a bony 

 cavity. 



ENCHELIDE MONAD. An animal- 

 cule which performs the usual function 

 of the green parts of plants, decomposing 

 carbonic acid and evolving oxygen, under 

 the influence of the light of the sun. 



ENCHO'RIAL WRITING (^Yx<^P<of» 

 belonging to a country). The common 

 mode of writing among the Egyptians, 

 resembling the Chinese method, and also 

 called demotic and epistolographic. It 

 was termed enchorial, because its cha- 

 racters diflfered from those employed in 

 Greece. 



ENCKE'S COMET. A periodic comet 

 of the solar system, revolving round the 

 sun in about 1200 days, within the orbit 

 of Jupiter. 



E'NCRINITES {hv, in. Kpivov, a lily). 

 Stone-lilies. Petrified radiated animals, 

 included by Cuvier among his pedicil- 

 lated echinoderms. The term is fre- 

 quently applied to the crinoidea gene- 

 rally, both recent and fossil. 



ENDE'CAGON (ei/5e/ca, eleven, Ttovm, 

 an angle). A plane geometrical figure 

 bounded by eleven sides. If the sides 

 are all equal, and the length of each be 

 supposed =1, the area of the figure is 

 9-36564. 



ENDO- {^v6ov). A Greek adverb, 

 isignifying in, within. 



1. Endo-carp Uapnof, fruit). The in- 

 nermost of the three layers which collec- 

 tively form the pericarp of fruits ; when 

 it is of a bony consistence, it is also 

 termed putamen. The stone of the drupe 

 is the putamen or endocarp ; by Richard, 

 however, it is termed the nux or nut. 



2. Endo-gen {yeivoijiai, to be produced). 

 Inside-grower; a plant which increases 



121 



in diameter by deposition to the centre ; 

 a term descriptive of the structure of the 

 axis of monocotyledonous plants, in 

 which the newest-formed fibres are al- 

 ways developed towards the centre of the 

 stem. 



3. Endo-phloeum {<p\ot6<:, bark). The 

 liber, or the innermost layer of the bark 

 of exogenous plants, composed partly of 

 cellular, partly of woody tissue. 



4. Endo-phyllous {tpvXXov, a leaf), A 

 term applied by Dumortier to the endo- 

 rrhizous embryo, in consequence of the 

 young leaves of monocotyledons being 

 evolved from a coleophyllum, or leaf- 

 sheath. 



5. Endo-pleura (TrXei/pa, the side). The 

 innermost layer of the testa, or integu- 

 ment of the seed of plants, named by 

 Willdenow tunica interna, and by Mirbel, 

 tegmen and hilofere. 



6. Endo-ptile {-mlXov, a feather). A 

 terra applied by Lestiboudois to the mo- 

 nocotyledonous embryo, in consequence 

 of its plumule being enclosed within the 

 cotyledon. 



7. Endo-rrhizous {pi^a, a root). A 

 terra expressive of the mode of germina- 

 tion in endogenous plants, in which the 

 radicles are emitted from within the sub- 

 stance of the radicular extremity of the 

 embryo, and are, in fact, enclosed within 

 a sheath of this substance, called the 

 coleoptile, coleophyllum, or leaf-sheath. 



8. End-osmose (wa/jo^, impulsion). The 

 property by which a rarer fluid passes 

 through membranous substances into a 

 cavity or space containing a denser fluid. 

 The endosmometer is an instrument con- 

 trived by Dutrochet for measuring the 

 force of this action. 



9. Endo-siphonites ((xicptav, a tube). A 

 genus of extinct Cephalopods, with cham- 

 bered convolute discoidal shells, having 

 the siphon placed at the inner side of the 

 convolutions, as in spirula. They occur 

 in the slate rocks of the Cambrian sys- 

 tem. 



10. Endo-sperm (o-TrepMa, seed). That 

 which is within the seed : a term applied 

 by Richard to the albumen, or body en- 

 closing the embryo. By Jussieu, it was 

 called perisperm. 



11. Endo-stome {(TTo/jLa, a mouth). The 

 foramen or orifice of the inner integu- 

 ment, or secundine, of the ovule, in 

 plants. 



12. Endo-thecium {OrjKrt, a case). A 

 term applied by Purkinje to the fibro- 

 cellular lining of the anther, in plants. 



ENHARMO'NIC SCALE. A scale 

 G 



