H I P 



HOL 



apterous insects, including those which 

 have no more than six legs. 



HIERA'TIC WRITING {lepov, sa- 

 cred). A mode of writing employed by 

 the priests of Egypt, consisting in an 

 abridged form of the hieroglyphic cha- 

 racters, adopted for the sake of conve- 

 nience and expedition, and sometimes 

 found attached to mummies. 



HIERO'S FOUNTAIN. An appara- 

 tus for raising water, which acts by the 

 elasticity of the air, and on the same 

 principle as the fire engine. 



HIEROGLY'PHICS {Up6v, sacred, 

 yXiKpo), to engrave). Sacred engravings; 

 a term applied to a mode of sculpture- 

 writing employed in Egypt, and consist- 

 ing of the images of visible objects, 

 chiefly used in monumental inscriptions. 

 Champollion distinguishes three kinds of 

 characters, viz. — 



1. The hieroglyphic, properly so called, 

 in which the figure represents the object 

 itself, entire or in an abridged form. 

 These are termed figurative, and are 

 distinguished into figurative proper, 

 figurative conventional, and figurative 

 abridged. 



2. The symbolical, in which the figure 

 of a visible object represents an idea ; 

 thus a censer represents adoration, the 

 hawk's eye omniscience, a circle eter- 

 nity. Here, the symbol indicates an abs- 

 tract idea, a type suggests an antitype. 



3. The phonetic, in which the figure 

 represents neither an object nor an idea, 

 but a sound. Thus the letter A sug- 

 gests the term "eagle," being the initial 

 letter of ahorn, the Egyptian term for 

 that animal. Twenty-nine elementary 

 sounds were thus represented. 



HIGH PRESSURE ENGINE. A 

 variety of the Steam Engine, in which 

 the water is heated till it acquires an 

 expansive force of from two to ten atmo- 

 spheres. 



HIGHGATE RESIN. Fossil Copal; 

 found in the bed of blue clay at High- 

 gate, near London. It is imbedded in 

 the clay in detached nodules. 



HI'LOFERE. A term applied by 

 Mirbel to the internal integument of the 

 seed, from the insertion of the hilum on 

 this part of the testa. 



HI'LUM. Umbilicus. The point of 

 the seed by which it is attached to the 

 placenta. This is the base of the seed. 



HINGE MARGIN. The hinge of 

 bivalves, composed of the ligament, the 

 cartilage, and the teeth. See Dorsal. 



HI'PPIDES. The Hippa tribe; the 

 165 



name by which Latreille designates a 

 tribe of the macrourous decapod crus- 

 taceans, comprising the genera remipes, 

 albunea, and hippa, animals of pecu- 

 liar forms, adapted for burrowing in sand. 



HIPPOBO'SCID^ (tTTTror, a horse, 

 /SoaKO), to feed). Forest-flies, or spider- 

 flies of the French ; a family of dipterous 

 pupiparous insects, parasitic on birds 

 and quadrupeds, of which the tick among 

 sheep is a well-known example. 



HIPPOTHE'RIUM ('inno^, a horse, 

 Ovpiov, a beast). An extinct quadruped 

 allied to the horse, found in sand at 

 Epplesheim, and belonging to the second 

 or miocene period of the tertiary forma- 

 tion. 



HIPPU'RIC ACID (i'TTTTOf, a horse, 

 olpov, urine). An acid obtained from 

 the urine of the horse, the cow, and other 

 graminivorous animals, when mixed 

 with muriatic acid in excess. It re- 

 sembles benzoic acid, but contains nitro- 

 gen ; the salts of the two acids are, more- 

 over, distinct. 



HI'PPURITES. A fossil coral belong- 

 ing to the Ei el transition limestone, and 

 characteristic of the rocks of the creta- 

 ceous era in many parts of Europe. It 

 is considered to be a bivalve, and is re- 

 ferred by Lamarck to the group of ru- 

 dista. 



HI'RCIN [hircus, a goat). A sub- 

 stance, similar to butyrine, contained in 

 the fat of the goat and the sheep, com- 

 bined with olein, and yielding, by saponi- 

 fication, the hircic acid. 



HIRUNDFNIDiE {hirundo, a swal- 

 low). The Swallow tribe ; a family of 

 the Insessores, or Perching birds, charac- 

 terized by the great length of their wings 

 and the rapidity of their fiight. (See 

 Fissirostres.) By Macgillivray, these 

 birds are placed in a group, belonging to 

 an order which he names Volitatrices, or 

 gliders. 



HISFNGERITE. A black massive 

 mineral, found in the cavities of calca- 

 reous spar. 



HISTO'LOGY (lo-Tof, a tissue, Ao-yor, 

 a discourse). The doctrine of the tissues 

 which enter into the formation of an ani- 

 mal and its various organs. 



HOAR-FROST. This is an insensible 

 transition from dew, being, in fact, frozen 

 dew, and indicative of greater cold. 



HO'LMITE. A new mineral, consist- 

 ing of carbonate of lime, named after 

 Mr. Holme, who analyzed it. 



HOLOTHU'RIDJE {oXoOovpiov, a kind 

 of zoophyte, Arist.). A family of Echi- 



