HYP 



1. Hyp-allage {vTraWayrj, an inter- 

 change). A figure of speech, by which 

 the parts of a proposition seem to be 

 interchanged, or two words mutually 

 exchange their respective cases, as " dare 

 classibus austros," for dare classes aus- 

 tris. This figure has little place in cor- 

 rect prose, but is an allowable resource 

 for poets. 



2. Hyp-anthodium. A term applied by 

 Link to the receptacle of plants when it 

 is fleshy, and not enclosed within an 

 involucrum, as in dorstenia and ficus. 

 See Anthodium. 



3. Hypo-hlastus {/SXacTTo^, a shoot). A 

 term applied by Richard to the scutelli- 

 form cotyledon of grasses, which he con- 

 siders to be a particular modification of 

 the radicle. 



4. Hypo-crater if or m {cratera, a salver, 

 forma, likeness). Salver-shaped ; as ap- 

 plied to a calyx or corolla, of which the 

 tube is long and slender, and the limb 

 flat, as in phlox. The term is at once 

 unwieldy and unclassical : sub-crater/form 

 or hypo-cratero'id would be classical, but 

 either is unwieldy. 



5. Hypo-gene Rocks {yivonai, to be 

 produced). Those rocks which are nether- 

 formed, or which have not assumed their 

 present form and structure at the sur- 

 face, as granite, gneiss, &c. This term, 

 which includes both the plutonic and 

 metamorphic rocks, is substituted for 

 primary, because some members of both 

 these classes, as granite and gneiss, are 

 posterior to many secondary or fossilife- 

 rous rocks. 



6. Hypo-geous (7^, the earth). Sub- 

 terranean; as applied to those cotyledons 

 which remain beneath the earth after 

 germination, and as opposed to epi- 

 geous. 



7. Hypo-gynous (7U1/J/, a woman). That 

 condition of the stamens of a plant in 

 which they contract no adhesion to the 

 sides of the calyx, as in ranunculus. 



8. Hypo-nitrous Acid. The name given 

 by Turner to nitrous acid, or the azotous 

 of Thenard ; while hypo-nitric acid is the 

 nitrous acid of Turner, or the peroxide 

 of nitrogen. 



9. Hypo-phyllum {(pvWov, a leaf). A 

 term applied by Link to a petiole which 

 has the form of a small sheath, is desti- 

 tute of blade, and surrounds the base of 

 certain small branches having the appear- 

 ance of leaves, as in asparagus. 



10. Hypo-stasis {viroffTaatf, strictly, a 

 standing under ; essence, substance). A 

 term expressing " that which stands 



172 



H YS 



under (i. e. is the subject of) attributes." 

 It is worth observing, as a striking in- 

 stance of the little reliance to be placed 

 on etymology as a guide to the meaning 

 of a word, that " Hypostasis," ♦' Sub- 

 stantive," and " Understanding," so 

 widely different in their sense, corre- 

 spond in their etymology. 



11. Hypo-stasis {in Botany). The name 

 given by Dutrochet to the suspensor, or 

 delicate thread which descends from the 

 summit of the ovule into the quintine, 

 and bears at its extremity a globule, 

 which is the nascent embryo. 



12. Hypo-tenuse {viroreivbi, to extend 

 under). That side of a right-angled tri- 

 angle which is opposite to the right 

 angle. Of the other two sides, one is 

 frequently termed the base, and the 

 other the perpendicular. 



13. Hypo-thecium {BtjKtj, a hollow case). 

 The substance which surrounds or over- 

 lies the perithecium of lichens, as in 

 cladonia. 



14. Hypo-thesis {viroTiOnpit, to suppose). 

 A supposition, or doctrine, founded on 

 theory. The term is used synonymously 

 with system, but, further, conveys the 

 uncertainty which attaches to a system. 



15. Hypothetical Proposition. In Lo- 

 gic, a proposition which asserts, not 

 absolutely, but under a hypothesis, indi- 

 cated by a conjunction. A hypothetical 

 proposition, called by some writers com- 

 pound, is defined to be two or more cate- 

 goricals united by a copula (or conjunc- 

 tion); and the different kinds of hypo- 

 thetical propositions are named from 

 their respective conjunctions, viz., con- 

 ditional, disjunctive, causal, &c. A hypo- 

 thetical syllogism is one of which the 

 reasoning depends on such a proposition. 

 — Whately. 



16. Hypo-zoic System {^Zov, an ani- 

 mal). A geological term, applied by 

 Phillips to those rocks of crystalline 

 slates which occur especially in the cen- 

 tral ridges of mountain chains. The 

 term implies that they contain no organic 

 remains, and that they are geologically 

 below all the rocks which do contain 

 traces of animal life. See Metamorphic. 



HYSTERA'NTHOUS {^arepov, after- 

 wards, avBo<:, a flower). A term applied, 

 in Botany, to those plants in which the 

 leaves appear after the flowers, as in 

 almond. 



HYSTRI'CID^ ({;<rTptf vel i';«r0pif, 

 having hog's bristles; from ur, a hog, 

 and ^pif, hair). The Porcupine tribe ; a 

 family of thfe Rodentia, characterized by 



