K AL 



KEE 



before our era, and produced by the 

 continued multiplication of the solar 

 cycle, the lunar cycle, and the cycle of 

 indiction, viz. 19, 28, and 15. See 

 Cycle. 



JU'LIDiE. The lowest division of the 

 Myriapods, so named from the julus, or 

 common millepede. 



JUNGERMANNIA'CEiE. An order 

 of creeping moss-like plants, named from 

 the genus jungermannia, and distin- 

 guished from several allied orders by 

 the theca opening by valves, without an 

 operculum. In all the orders the spores 

 are mixed with elaters. 



JUNO. A telescopic planet, situated 

 in the solar system between Mars and 

 Jupiter, and said to be 1320 miles in dia- 

 meter. Its distance from the sun is 

 about 256 millions of miles, and it com- 

 pletes its revolution in 4 years, 128 days. 



This planet was discovered, in 1804, by 

 Mr. Harding of Bremen. 



JUPITER. The largest of the planets, 

 and, next to Venus, the most brilliant. 

 It is 1470 times the size of the earth. It 

 completes its orbit round the sun in 

 4.332*596 days. It is accompanied by four 

 satellites. 



JURA LIMESTONE. A term applied 

 to the limestones belonging to the Oolitic 

 group, and constituting the chief part of 

 the mountains of the Jura, between 

 France and Switzerland. 



JURA'SSIC SYSTEM. A term syn- 

 onymous in continental writers with our 

 Oolitic System. 



JURIS PRU'DENCE. General juris- 

 prudence is the science or philosophy of 

 positive law, as distinguished from par- 

 ticular jurisprudence, or the knowledge 

 of the law of a particular country. 



K 



KAKO'XENE. A crystalline mineral, 

 found in iron-stone, in Bohemia. 



KALEFDOPHON (/ca\6f, beautiful, 

 eZdop, form, 0te»i'fj, sound). An instru- 

 ment, invented by Mr. Wheatstone, for 

 exhibiting the vibrations of an elastic 

 rod. If a rod of this kind, fastened at 

 one end, be set in motion by a blow, or 

 bending, it will describe paths which do 

 not always lie in the same plane, but 

 return in variously-curved lines. If the 

 free end of the rod be surmounted with 

 a polished knob, the curves will be exhi- 

 bited in a beautiful manner to the eye. 



KALEPDOSCOPE [Ka\6<:, beautiful, 

 eldof, form, o-KOTrew, to see). A well- 

 known apparatus, invented by Sir D. 

 Brewster, by which the image of an ob- 

 ject is multiplied by repeated reflections 

 from inclined mirrors, placed opposite to 

 one another. 



KALI. A term of Arabic origin, de- 

 noting a particular plant ; hence the word 

 al-kali, with the article, originally signi- 

 fied the particular residuum obtained by 

 lixiviating the ashes of that plant; the 

 term was then used for potassa. 



KA'LOTYPE ((ca\6f, beautiful, tvitoc, 

 an impression). The art of fixing photo- 

 graphic images upon surfaces of silver, 

 first suggested by Wedgewood, and sub- 

 sequently improved by Daguerre (See 

 Daguerreotype). Talbot employs for this 

 purpose a paper which is rendered pecu- 

 187 



liarly susceptible to light, and which is 

 termed kalotype paper ; a negative pic- 

 ture is formed upon the paper in the 

 camera obscura, and fixed by means of 

 bromide of potassium. 



KAOLIN. China-clay; a fine pure 

 clay prepared by levigation from moul- 

 dering granite, and employed in the 

 manufacture of porcelain. 



KA'RPHOLITE (Kap(po<:, a straw, 

 Xido':, a stone). A yellow mineral, oc- 

 curring in thin prismatic concretions. 



KARPHOSIDE'RITE ( Kap^po^, a 

 straw, o-t^Mpo?, iron). A straw-coloured 

 mineral, resembling iron-sinter, and oc- 

 curring in Labrador. 



KA'RSTENITE. Another name for 

 anhydrite, or prismatic gypsum. 



KA'THODE {Kara, downwards, 666^, 

 a way). A term applied by Mr. Faraday 

 to that part of the surface of a decom- 

 posing body at which the electricity de- 

 parts — the part immediately touching the 

 negative pole. See Anode. 



KA'TION {Kariov, that which goes 

 down). A term applied by Mr. Faraday 

 to the body which passes to the negative 

 pole, or kathode, of the decomposing 

 body, as it is separated by electricity. 

 See Anion. 



KEDRIA TERRESTRIS. Barbadoes 

 tar ; a mineral oil. See Bitumen. 



KEEL. Carina. A term applied by 

 botanical writers to the two lower petals 



