MAM 



MAN 



terms mastology and mastozoology have 

 been suggested, as being entirely of Greek 

 derivation. See Mammalia. 



MA'MMIFERS {mamma, a breast, 

 fero, to bear). Mammal. A term applied 

 to animals which give suck to their 

 young, including all the warm-blooded 

 quadrupeds and the cetaceous animals. 



MA'MMILLARY {mammilla, a little 

 breast). A term applied to a surface 

 which is studded over with prominences 

 which are smooth, thick, and rounded, 

 like a teat. 



MA'MMOTH. A word of Tartar ori- 

 gin, denoting an extinct species of the 

 elephant {Elephas primigenius), of which 

 the fossil bones occur In various coun- 

 tries. The term is applied in Siberia to 

 animals which burrow under ground. 



MAN. Under the several articles, 

 American, Caucasian, Ethiopian, Malay, 

 and Mongolian Race, the characters of 

 these varieties of man are briefly re- 

 corded. Dr. Prichard refers the differ- 

 ences of complexion in man to three 

 principal varieties, viz. : — 



1. The Melanocomous, or black-haired, 

 which is the complexion generally preva- 

 lent, except in the northern parts of 

 Europe and Asia. The colour of the 

 skin varies in intensity from the black of 

 the African negro to the light olive of the 

 northern Hindoo, thence to every degree 

 of shade in the Persian and other Asia- 

 tics, to that of the swarthy Spaniard and 

 of black-haired Europeans in general. 



2. The Leucous, albino, or white- 

 haired, occurring in all countries, per- 

 haps most frequently in hot climates. 

 They are characterized by the entire ab- 

 sence of colouring matter from the skin, 

 hair, and eyes ; the skin is consequently 

 milk-white or of a pinkish hue, the hair 

 silky-white or at most yellowish, the iris 

 rosy, and the pupil intensely red. 



3. The Xanthous, or yellow -haired, in- 

 cluding the light-brown, auburn, yellow, 

 and red varieties. The complexion is 

 fair, becoming more or less red on expo- 

 sure to heat and light. The eyes are 

 light-coloured. This variety predomi- 

 nates in the temperately cold regions of 

 Europe and Asia. # 



MA'NAKINS. A group of small birds, 

 remarkable, for their rich plumage. Mr. 

 Swainson makes them a sub-family of 

 the Ampelidae, under the name of 

 Piprince. 



MA'NATIDiE {manatus, the sea-cow, 

 or lamantine). A small family of aquatic 

 herbivorous animals, placed by Cuvier 

 209 



among the Cetacea. By others they are 

 considered to differ from the whales, and 

 to resemble the hippopotamus, suffi- 

 ciently to be placed among the Pachyder- 

 matous animals. 



MANDIBULA'TA {mandibulum, a 

 mandible or jaw). Mandibulate Insects ; 

 a group in which the mouth is furnished 

 with mandibles or jaws, adapted for 

 biting and bruising. This division in- 

 cludes the coleopterous, orthopterous, 

 neuropterous, and hymenopterous in- 

 sects. See Haustellata. 



MA'NGANESE. A metal similar to 

 iron, brittle, and with difficulty fused, 

 occurring in the state of oxide in some 

 rocks, to which it generally gives a pur- 

 plish-red colour. The binoxide, used in 

 chemistry, is commonly termed native 

 black, OT peroxide of manganese. 



MANGANESE BLENDE. Kobellite, 

 An ore of manganese, in which sulphur 

 occurs in combination with the metal, 

 found at Nagyag in Transylvania and in 

 Mexico. 



MA'NGANIC ACID. An acid con- 

 sisting of one atom of manganese and 

 three of oxygen. It has not hitherto 

 been obtained in a separate state, but 

 exists in the manganate of potash, com- 

 monly called mineral chameleon. 



MA'NGANITE. An ore of manga- 

 nese, consisting of two prime proportions 

 of the deutoxide of the metal, combined 

 with one of water. 



MANHEIM GOLD. A species of 

 brass, consisting of three parts of copper 

 and one part of zinc. 



MANIPULATION {manipulus, a 

 handful). In chemistry and experi- 

 mental philosophy, this term denotes the 

 application of skill in conducting the 

 various operations of the laboratory. 



MANO'METER (/iavor, rare, ^lerpov, 

 a measure). Manoscope. A steam-baro- 

 meter, employed chiefly for measuring 

 the force of the steam in boilers. The 

 term is also applied to an instrument for 

 testing the rarity of the air. See Dasymeter. 



MA'NTIDiE. A family of orthopte- 

 rous insects, named from the genus 

 mantis, and remarkable for their gro- 

 tesque forms, closely resembling that of 

 a plant. The mantis religiosa, or praying 

 insect, has received its name from the 

 peculiar position of the anterior pair of 

 legs, like the hands of a person at prayer. 



MANTLE. The external soft con- 

 tractile skin of the Mollusca, which 

 covers the viscera and a great part of the 

 body, like a cloak. 



