STY 



SUB 



birds, comprising the ostrich, the cas- 

 sowary, the dodo, the emu, the apterix, 

 &c. In these birds the locomotive power 

 resides in the lower extremities, the 

 wings being, in the majority of cases, 

 merely rudimentary. 



STRYCHNINE. Strychnia. An al- 

 kali derived from the Nux Vomica class 

 of plants, and particularly from the seeds 

 of the Slrychnos nux vomica, and St. Ig- 

 natius's bean, the fruit of Strychnos igna- 

 tia. Strychnine exists in these plants in 

 combination with strychnic acid. 



STU'CCO. Sulphate of lime ; an arti- 

 ficial hydrate, having the same compo- 

 sition as native gypsum. When made 

 into a paste with water, it forms a hard 

 coherent mass, or sets, in a minute or 

 two, with a slight evolution of heat. 



STUFAS. Jets of steam issuing from, 

 fissures in volcanic regions at a tempera- 

 ture of ten above the boiling point. 



STURIO'NES {sturio, the sturgeon). 

 The Sturgeon tribe ; an order of carti- 

 laginous fishes, in which the gills hang 

 freely, and are covered with a gill-lid 

 having a single wide opening, as in the 

 osseous fishes. In these fishes a large 

 swimming-bladder exists, from which is 

 obtained the valuable material called 

 isinglass. 



STU'RNID^ {sturnus, the starling). 

 The Starling tribe, placed by Vigors be- 

 tween the Fringillidae and the Corvidae, 

 in his Conirostres. 



STYLE {(TTvXt], a pillar). In Botany, 

 that elongation of the ovary which sup- 

 ports the stigma. It is frequently ab- 

 sent, and then the stigma is sessile on 

 the ovary. It is not more essential to a 

 pistil than a petiole to a leaf, a claw to a 

 petal, or a filament to the stamen. 



STYLE, OLD and NEW. By the Old 

 Style is meant the method of computing 

 time anterior to the reformation of the 

 calendar by Pope Gregory XIII ; and by 

 the New Style, that which has been in 

 use since. The reformation took place 

 in 1582, in which ten days were deducted 

 from the year, by calling what, according 

 to the old calendar, would have been the 

 5th of October, the 15th of October, 1582. 

 From thence to the end of February, 1700, 

 new style is ten days in advance of old 

 style : thus January 1 (O. S.) is January 

 11 (N. S.) and so on. From and after 

 March 1, 1700, to the end of February, 

 1800, new style is eleven days in advance 

 of old style: thus January 1 (O. S.) is 

 January 12 (N. S.). The new style was 

 applied in England in 1751. 

 319 



STYLOSTE'GIUM (ctt^Xm, the style, 

 a-Tefoi, to cover closely). Orbiculus. The 

 botanical name of a peculiar appendage 

 of the petals found in certain plants, also 

 called corona. In narcissus, it forms an 

 undivided cup, surrounding the stamens 

 and style. When divided, its parts bear 

 various names, as horns, beak, wings, 

 folioles, &c. 



STYRA'CEiE. The Styrax tribe of 

 dicotyledonous plants. Trees or shrubs 

 with leaves alternate ; flowers monope- 

 talous ; stamens of unequal length ; ovary 

 superior, containing cells ; fruit drupa- 

 ceous. 



SUB-. A Latin preposition, denoting, 

 1. a position beneath any body; 2. a 

 slight modification, corresponding to the 

 English term somewhat, as in sub-ovate, 

 somewhat ovate, sub-viridis, somewhat 

 green ; and 3. in chemical terms, an in- 

 termediate degree of oxidation, as in sub- 

 sulphurous acid, or that which is inter- 

 mediate between the sulphurous and 

 hyposulphurous acids. 



1. Sub-attern. In Logic, Subaltern 

 Species and Genus is that which is both 

 a species of some higher genus, and a 

 genus in respect of the species into which 

 it is divided. Subaltern Opposition is 

 between a universal and a particular of 

 the same quality; of these, the univer- 

 sal is the subalternant, and the particular 

 the subalternate. 



2. Sub-Apennines. Low hills which 

 skirt, or lie at the foot of, the great chain 

 of the Apennines in Italy. This term is 

 applied by geologists to a series of strata 

 of the old Pliocene period. 



3. Sub-contrary. In Mathematics, 

 when a figure or solid is symmetrical, so 

 that equal lines or polygons can be drawn 

 on two different sides, those equal lines 

 or polygons may be termed sub-contrary. 

 The two equal sides of an isosceles tri- 

 angle are sub-contrary. In a right cone, 

 every section has its sub-contrary, ex- 

 cept only the circle which generates the 

 cone, and its parallels. 



4. Sub-contrary opposition. This oc- 

 curs, in Logic, between two particular 

 propositions, the affirmative and the ne- 

 gative. Both are true in contingent mat- 

 ter, but never both false. See Opposition. 



5. Sub-dominant. In Music, a kind of 

 governing note, being the fifth below the 

 key-note. In the regular ascending scale 

 of seven notes, it is the fourth : thus, in 

 the key of C, F is the sub-dominant ; the 

 term, however, is derived from the relation 

 of the note to the tonic as the fifth below. 



P4 



