SUB 



SUB 



6. Sub-duplicate. In Arithmetic and 

 Algebra, the sub-duplicate ratio of two 

 numbers is the ratio of their square 

 roots. Thus, the sub-duplicate ratio of 

 the numbers 9 and 16 is the ratio of 3 to 4 ; 

 that of the numbers a and b is the ratio 

 of ^a to i^b. 



7. Sub-medial. A term synonymous 

 with transitional, and applied to the 

 lower secondary rocks, which bear a 

 close resemblance to some of the primary 

 rocks, though differing from them in 

 being often fragmentary, and in contain- 

 ing organic remains. They occur in 

 England, Scotland, and Wales, where 

 they compose the highest ranges, exclu- 

 sive of the Grampians. 



8. Sub-multiple. The inverse term to 

 multiple: thus, 18 being a multiple of 6, 

 6 is a sub-multiple of 18. The term sub- 

 multiple is equivalent to aliquot part. 

 It is such a part of a quantity as can be 

 expressed by a whole number, as a third, 

 a fourth, &c. 



9. Sub-normal. In Geometry, the sub- 

 normal is that part of the axis of a curve 

 line which is intercepted between the 

 ordinate and the normal. It is a third 

 proportional to the sub-tangent and the 

 ordinate. 



10. Sub-oxide. By some chemists the 

 oxides of the mineral kingdom are 

 termed sub-oxides axid super- oxides ; ac- 

 cording to this system of nomenclature, 

 the former term denotes the base, the 

 latter the acid, and the quantities of 

 oxygen are found in a simple numerical 

 proportion. 



11. Sub-resin. The name given by 

 Bonastre to that portion of a resin which 

 is soluble only in boiling alcohol, and is 

 thrown down again as the alcohol cools, 

 forming a kind of seeming crystal- 

 lizations. It is a sort of stearine of 

 resins. 



12. Sub-salt. A salt which has assumed 

 a fixed metallic oxide in the place of 

 crystallization. Such compounds may, 

 therefore, be truly neutral in compo- 

 sition, the excess of oxide not stand- 

 ing in the relation of base to the acid. 

 The term 'sub-salt' originally denoted 

 a salt which contained an excess of base. 



13. Sub-stratum. A stratum lying 

 under another stratum, as clay under 

 gravel. The term sub-soil is generally 

 applied to the matters which intervene 

 between the surface soils and the rocks 

 on which they rest. 



14. Sub-tangent. In Geometry, the sub- 

 tangent is that part of the axis of a curve 



which is intercepted between the tangent 

 and the ordinate, 



15. Sub-tense. A line, angle, &c. which 

 subtends, or is opposite to, another line, 

 angle, &c. Thus, the cord of a segment 

 is the sub-tense of the arc which it cuts 

 off from the circle, 



SU'BERIC ACID (suber, the cork 

 tree). An acid procured by the action of 

 nitric acid, with heat, upon barks, but 

 more particularly cork. It forms salts 

 called suberates. 



SUBJECT and OBJECT. These are 

 correlative terms employed by philoso- 

 phical writers, the former denoting the 

 mind, soul, or personality of the thinker 

 — the Ego, or self; the latter, expressing 

 any thing or every thing external to the 

 mind, and distinct from it— the non-Ego, 

 or not-self. The universe itself when 

 considered as a unique existence, is an 

 object to the thinker; and the very sub- 

 ject itself (the mind) can become an ob- 

 ject, by being psychologically considered. 



Secondary meaning. These terms gra- 

 dually lost their primary signification. 

 Object became metaphorically motive, 

 end, final cause, &c., by a common 

 change in all language, of the meta- 

 phor into a real signification. Subject 

 also became synonymous with object, 

 and probably the logical term " subject of 

 predication" facilitatecr this confusion. 

 Be this as it may, the extreme want of 

 precision with which the words are used, 

 may be seen in the very common instance 

 of calling any thing "a subject of in- 

 vestigation." Pen. Cycl. 



SUBJECT of a PROPOSITION. In 

 Logic, that term of a proposition of 

 which the other is affirmed or denied. 

 See Predicate. 



SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. The follow- 

 ing is Mr. Greenlaw's rule on the use 

 of this mood : — " If a clause be the true 

 subject of a proposition, or be properly 

 attached to the true subject, the verb of 

 such clause is in the indicative mood; 

 but if a clause be the true predicate of a 

 sentence (provided it does not contain 

 the copula blended with the verb), or if 

 it be properly attached to the true predi- 

 cate, the verb of such clause is invari- 

 ably found in the subjunctive mood." 

 See Potential Mood. 



SUBLIMATION. The process by 

 which volatile substances are raised by 

 heat, and again condensed into the solid 

 state ; it is, in fact, dry distillation. The 

 substances so obtained are called sub- 

 limates. 



