28 PINACEAE (PINE FAMILY) 



the source of the millions of poles used for fences in our range. Supplying most 

 of the tepee poles of the past generations of Indians. Common in our range; 

 extending to Alaska. 



7. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon, Gard. & For. 183. 1897. Very 

 variable in size but often becoming a large tree 25-40 m. high; the trunk 

 1-2 m. in diameter: bark thick, deeply furrowed: leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3 

 (normally 3), 1-1.5 dm. long, crowded brush-like on the ends of the branchlets: 

 cones 7-12 cm. long; scales much thickened at the outer end and bearing a 

 sharp recurved prickle: seeds brown, winged, broadest above the middle. 

 ROCK PINE. Closely allied to P. ponderosa Dougl., of more northern and 

 western range and by many considered a variety of it. Throughout our range. 



2. PICEA Link. SPRUCE 



Spire-shaped trees, often tall and slender. Leaves spirally arranged, jointed 

 near the base, falling when dry and leaving the branchlets rough with the pro- 

 jecting bases. Cones pendulous, oblong, of numerous scales bearing two ovules. 



Branchlets pubescent; leaves flexible and abruptly acute . . .1. P. Engelmannii. 

 Branchlets smooth and shining; leaves rigid, spinescent . . . 2. P. Parryana. 



1. Picea Engelmannii (Parry) Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 212. 

 1863. A tall pyramidal tree, 25-40 m. high, becoming much dwarfed or even 

 depressed-spreading and shrub-like at high elevations: branches verticillate, 

 horizontal or the upper ascending; branchlets puberulent; bark light reddish: 

 leaves 15-30 mm. long, singly and somewhat uniformly distributed over 

 the branchlets, compressed quadrangular, abruptly acute: cones oval or ob- 

 long, about 5 cm. long; scales thin, tough, truncate and entire or denticulate. 

 ENGELMANN SPRUCE. A valuable tree, often occurring in extensive almost un- 

 broken forests; middle elevations to timber-line. Throughout the Rocky 

 Mountain region and west to the coast ranges. 



2. Picea pungens Engelm, London Gard. Chron. 1879: 334. Of strictly 

 conical growth with spreading branches: bark thick, smooth and gray, in 

 older trees becoming very thick, hard and rigid: branchlets smooth and shin- 

 ing: leaves 2-3 cm. long, very pungent: staminate aments 3-4 cm. long, with 

 pale shining rounded scales : cones abundant, solitary or clustered, cylindrical, 

 drooping, 6-10 cm. long, light brown; scales oval or subrhombic, more or less 

 elongated above, undulate and retuse. [P. Parryana (Andre) Parry, Gard. 

 Chron. 2: 725. 1883.] BLUE SPRUCE. This is a comparatively small tree, with 

 soft wood; the foliage usually blue-green; the needles sharply 4-angled. It is 

 used extensively for ornamental planting, and as the chosen " State Tree " of 

 Colorado it is of interest. Found also in Wyoming and Utah. 



3. ABIES Juss. FIR 



Trees of pyramidal form and rapid growth, but with brittle and easily de- 

 caying wood. Leaves on the horizontal branchlets appearing 2-ranked by a 

 twist near the base, in ours bearing stomata on both sides, with two longi- 

 tudinal resin-ducts. 



Scales of cone much wider than long, twice as long as the entire pointed 



bract " . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. A. concolor. 



Scales of cone suborbicular, three times as long as the lacerate-margined 



abruptly acuminate bract 2. A. lasiocarpa. 



1. Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry, Am. Nat. 9: 204. 1875. A large tree 25-50 

 m. high, with a diameter of 6-12 dm. and a rough grayish bark: leaves mostly 

 obtuse, pale green, with the 2 resin-ducts close to the epidermis of the lower 

 surface: cones oblong-cylindrical, 7-12 cm. long and 3-4 cm. in diameter, pale 

 green or sometimes dull purplish; scales 25-30 mm. wide, nearly twice wider 

 than high: seeds 8-12 mm. long, acute at the base, dark or dull brown, with 

 rose-colored wings. WHITE FIR. From southern Colorado to California and 

 thence northward to Oregon. 



