GRAMINEAE (GRASS FAMILY) 53 



produced into awns; lemma 3-nerved, awned, broader and longer than the 

 glumes; palet a little smaller and more slender, 2-nerved, 2-keeled, very shortly 

 2-toothed. Stamens 3. Styles short, distinct; stigmas plumose. Grain in- 

 cluded within the lemma, free. 



1. Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PL 1: 142, t. 45. 1815. 

 Slender, wiry, 20-45 cm. high, much branched and often geniculate at the 

 base, with narrow, long-pointed leaves and cylindrical spike-like panicles 

 3-6 cm. long: spikelets 4 mm. long, with awned glumes; the first glume often 

 terminating in two unequal awns; the lemma terminating in an awn as long 

 as its body. Colorado to Texas and westward. 



22. PHLEUM L. TIMOTHY 



Annual or perennial grasses with flat leaves and spicate inflorescence. 

 Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes membranous, compressed, keeled, the apex 

 obliquely truncate, the midnerve produced into an awn; the lemma much 

 shorter, broader, hyaline, truncate, denticulate at the summit; palet narrow, 

 hyaline. Stamens 3. Styles distinct, somewhat elongated; stigmas plumose. 

 Grain ovoid, free, inclosed in the lemma and palet. 



Spikes usually elongated; upper sheath not inflated . . . . . 1. P. pratense. 

 Spikes not elongated, ovoid to oblong; upper sheath inflated . . . 2. P. alpinum. 



1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. PI. 59. 1753. Perennial, with erect simple 

 culms 3-12 dm. high: upper sheath long and not inflated or very slightly so: 

 leaves smooth or scabrous, 8-20 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide: spike usually elon- 

 gated cylindric, 4-15 cm. long, 5-8 mm. in diameter: glumes of the spikelet 

 (exclusive of the awn) 2-5 mm. long, ciliate on the keel, the awn less than 

 half their length. TIMOTHY. Cultivated and becoming naturalized in fields 

 and waysides. 



2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. PL 59. 1753. Perennial, 15-45 cm. high, the 

 culms simple, erect or sometimes decumbent: upper sheath usually much in- 

 flated; leaves smooth beneath, scabrous above; the lower ones 5-7 cm. long, 

 2-8 mm. wide; the uppermost less than 25 mm. long: spike short, ovoid to 

 oblong and cylindric, 13-50 mm. long, 6-12 mm. in diameter: glumes of the 

 spikelet (exclusive of the awn) 3 mm. long, strongly ciliate on the keel, the 

 awn about one half their length. MOUNTAIN TIMOTHY. Moist soil in the 

 mountains. 



23. ALOPECURUS L. 



Annuals or perennials, with erect or ascending culms, flat leaves and densely 

 flowered cylindrical or ovoid spike-like or capitate inflorescence. Spikelets 

 1-flowered, flattened. Glumes acute, sometimes short-awned, more or less 

 united below, compressed-keeled; keel ciliate or somewhat winged; lemma 

 truncate or obtuse, hyaline, 3-nerved, awned on the back, subtending a per- 

 fect flower and usually a palet; palet hyaline, acute, sometimes wanting. 

 Stamens 3. Styles distinct or rarely united at base; stigma elongated, hairy. 



Spikes 5-8 cm. long, 4-6 mm. broad . . . . . 1. A. fulvus. 



Spikes 2-3 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad 2. A. occidentals. 



1. Alopecurus fulvus Smith, Eng. Bot. 21, t. 1467. 1793. Glabrous or 

 very nearly so: culms 1-4 dm. high, erect, or sometimes decumbent at the 

 base: leaves 2-15 cm. long, 1-4 mm. wide, scabrous especially above, the 

 uppermost sometimes exceeding the spike: spikes 5-8 cm. long, 4-6 mm. 

 broad: spikelets about 3 mm. long; glumes slightly united at base, obtuse or 

 subacute, smooth, glabrous except for the pubescent lateral nerves and the 

 strongly ciliate keel; lemma equaling or slightly longer than the glumes, ob- 

 tuse, smooth and glabrous; awn inserted very little below the middle of the 

 glume and equaling or slightly exceeding it. A. geniculatus fulvus. In wet 

 swales; throughout our range. 



