78 ^ GRAMINEAE (GRASS FAMILY) 



6 Bromus ciliatus L. 1. c. Culms 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous or pubescent: 

 sheaths often softly pubescent, or the lower sometimes sparingly hirsute; 

 leaves 1-3 dm. long, 4-12 mm. wide, smooth beneath, scabrous and often 

 pubescent above: panicle open, 1-2.5 dm. in length, its branches widely 

 spreading or often drooping: spikelets 5-10-flowered, 2.5 cm. long or less: 

 first glume 1-nerved, the second longer, 3-nerved; lemma 8-12 mm. long, 

 obtuse or acute, 5-7-nerved appressed-pubescent on the margins or over the 

 entire surface; awn 4-8 mm. long. (B. purgans L. is here included.) In moist 

 woods; in the northern part of our range and eastward to Newfoundland. 



7. Bromus Richardsonii Link. Hort. Berol. 2: 281. 1833. Tufted, erect, 

 robust, 6-12 dm. high: sheaths usually smooth below and pilose at the throat; 

 leaves 15-25 cm. long, usually scabrous above and glabrous beneath: panicle 

 effuse and drooping, 15-25 cm. long: spikelets drooping, 6-11-flowered, 2-3 

 cm. long: glumes smooth; the lower 1-nerved, 8-10 mm. long; the upper 3- or 

 rarely 5-nerved, 9-12 mm. long; lemma obtuse, emarginate, 7-nerved, 12-15 

 mm. long, appressed ciliate-pubescent; the awn 3-5 mm. long; palet shorter 

 than its lemma. From New Mexico north into British America. 



8. Bromus Ported (Coult.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 512. 1895. 

 Culms 4.5-9 dm. tall, pubescent below the nodes: sheaths glabrous or some- 

 times softly pubescent; leaves 2-8 mm. wide, rough, those of the culm 1-3 dm. 

 long, the basal narrow and about one half the length of the culm: panicle 

 7.5-15 cm. in length; its branches drooping and flexuous, at least when old, the 

 nodes of the axis pubescent: spikelets 5-10-flowered, 1.8-3 cm. long, on slender 

 flexuous pedicels: glumes pubescent, 3-nerved; lemma 1-1.2 cm. long, obtuse, 

 5-7-nerved, densely pubescent with long silky hairs; awn 2-4 mm. long. 

 Open hillsides; throughout our range. 



9. Bromus marginatus Nees in Steud. Syn. PL Gram. 322. 1854. Culms 

 3-12 dm. tall, sometimes pubescent below the panicle: sheaths pubescent, at 

 least the lower ones; leaves 1.5-3 dm. long or more, 4-12 mm. wide, rough and 

 often pubescent: panicle 1-4 dm. in length, its branches erect or ascending, 

 the lower 5-15 cm. long: spikelets 5-10-flowered: glumes acute, pubescent, the 

 first 3-5-nerved, the second longer, 5-9-nerved; lemma compressed, keeled, 

 1.2-1.4 cm. long, acute, 7-9-nerved, appressed-pubescent; awn 4-6 mm. long. 

 B. breviaristatus. (B. Kalmii occidentalis Vasey.) Very common in the hills 

 and mountains; New Mexico to Manitoba. 



10. Bromus polyanthus Scribn. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 23: 56. 

 1900. Stout and erect, smooth, or puberulent at the nodes, 5-10 dm. high: 

 sheaths smooth or sparsely pilose; leaves mostly somewhat scabrous: panicle 

 elongated, erect, its branches usually short and erect but sometimes spreading: 

 spikelets 3-4 cm. long, 7-11-flowered: glumes broad, smooth, or somewhat 

 scabrous; the lower 3-nerved, 6-8 mm. long; the upper 3-7-nerved, obtuse, 

 10-12 mm. long; lemma 7-nerved, 12-14 mm. long, smooth or scabrous, ob- 

 tuse, emarginate, with broad hyaline margins; awn 4-8 mm. long. In open 

 woods, especially among fallen timber; Wyoming to Washington. 



61. LOLIUM L. 



Coarse erect grasses with numerous flat leaves. Spikelets 5-10-flowered, per- 

 fect, compressed, with the edge to the axis, sessile, and alternately 2-ranked in 

 long rigid terminal spikes. Upper glume external, rigid, 5-7-nerved ; lower 

 glume wanting except in the terminal spikelet; lemma coriaceous, 3-5-nerved, 

 obtuse or subacute, short-awned or awnless, convex, smooth, nearly equaled 

 by the palet and large adherent grain. 



Glume shorter than the floret . . . . . . . . 1. L. perenne. 



Glume longer than the floret " . . 2. L. temulentum. 



1. Lolium perenne L. Sp. PI. 83. 1753. Culms 4-8 dm. high: root peren- 

 nial: spikelets 1-2 cm. long, exceeding the intervals: glume about equaling the 

 adjacent floret. PERENNIAL RYE GRASS. Sparingly introduced; sometimes 

 cultivated. 



