102 CYPERACEAE (SEDGE FAMILY) 



than the hyaline, brown, acutish scale. Dry plains and hills; New Mexico and 

 far northward and eastward. 



51. Carex teretiuscula Gooden. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 163. 1794. Rather 

 light green: culm very rough, at least above, 3-7 dm. long: leaves mostly less 

 than 2 mm. wide: bracts small or none: spikes several or numerous, in a nar- 

 rowly oblong cluster 2-5 cm. long: perigynia ovate-oval, smooth, dark brown, 

 hard, shining, the body slightly more than 1 mm. long, truncate or rounded at 

 the head, short-stalked, tapering into a flat conic beak about its own length: 

 scales thin, ovate, brownish, acute or short-awned, about equaling the peri- 

 gynia. Across the continent northward. 



* * * * Spikes yellow or tawny when mature, aggregated into more or less com- 

 pound heads or panicles: perigynium many-nerved, stipitate, tapering from 

 a spongy base into a more or less conspicuous beak, twice the length of the body, 

 or more. VULPINAE Kunth. 



52. Carex stipata Willd. Sp. PL 4: 233. 1805. Caespitose: culms thick and 

 spongy, 3-6 dm. high, very sharply 3-angled, almost winged, about the length 

 of the broad light green canaliculate rough-edged leaves: spikes 10-20, 

 loosely aggregated into an oblong pyramidal head 2-6 cm. long, which is 

 somewhat branching or occasionally nearly simple at the base: perigynium 

 lanceolate, finely nerved, the rough beak about twice the length of the rounded 

 base, the whole about twice (or a little more) as long as the scale. Pastures 

 and wet places throughout our range. 



53. Carex Jonesii Bailey, Mem. Torr.'Bot. Club 1: 16. 1889. Slender, but 

 erect and somewhat stiff, 2-5 dm. high: culm sharply angled and rough, some- 

 what exceeding the narrow leaves: spikes several to many, densely aggregated 

 into a small oblong or ovoid head which is bractless : perigynium small, lanceo- 

 late from the truncate base, stipitate, very strongly many-nerved, marginless, 

 smooth or but slightly rough on the angles above, the long and brown beak 

 nearly entire: scale brown, muticous or obtuse, somewhat shorter than the 

 perigynium. Wyoming to California. 



***** Staminate flowers variously situated, usually some of the intermediate 

 or terminal spikes all staminate, or the plant entirely dioecious: spikes ag- 

 gregated in more or less chaffy heads, straw-colored or brown. ARENAEIAE 

 Tuckm. 



Spikes short: scales ovate, not awned or conspicuously acute. 



54. Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826. Extensively 

 creeping: culm erect, 2-5 dm. high, sharply angled, rough, mostly longer than 

 the rather narrow leaves: spikes 4-12, simple, alternate, ferruginous, longer 

 than the scale-like bracts, the middle ones or sometimes the lower ones all 

 staminate, loosely aggregated into an oblong or cylindrical head 2-4 cm. long: 

 perigynium green, nerved, the margins slightly incurved, ovate below, con- 

 tracted into a rough and slightly toothed beak which is longer than the body, 

 the whole longer than the hyaline-margined acute scale. Dry places, Colorado 

 and northward. The forms with the lower spikes all staminate resemble those 

 species of the next section with a single terminal spike which is prolonged and 

 staminate at the base. 



55. Carex marcida Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1840. Culm erect, 

 3-6 dm. high, sharply angled, scabrous, longer than the narrow leaves: spikes 

 4-15, ferruginous or dark brown, the lower usually somewhat compound, 

 staminate at the apex or nearly dioecious, spreading and imbricated into an 

 oblong-conical or broadly cylindrical head : perigynium brown, becoming very 

 dark at maturity, nerved, ovate or orbicular-ovate, with incurved and serrate 

 margins, contracted into a beak shorter than the body, about the length of, or 

 a little shorter than, the acute or cuspidate scale. Sandy meadows and moun- 

 tains throughout our range. 



56. Carex Sartwellii Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 43: 90. 1842. Extensively 

 creeping: culm stout, 3-10 dm. high, sharply angled, rough above, mostly 



