116 LILIACEAE (LILY FAMILY) 



the flowers often nodding, solitary or racemed, much smaller than in Lilium, 

 often mottled. Nectary a shallow pit at the base of the segments. Styles 

 united to the middle or throughout. 



Flowers purple and mottled . . - 1. F. atropurpurea. 



Flowers yellow or orange 2. F. pudica. 



1. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54. 1834. Bulb of 

 numerous thick scales: stem 24 dm. high or more, 1-6-flowered: leaves 6-20, 

 scattered or somewhat yerticillate : flowers dull purple with more or less of 

 yellowish-green: styles distinct above; stigmas linear: capsule acutely angled, 

 broadly obovate. From Wyoming to the Sierra Nevada. 



2. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825. Bulb of numerous 

 very small rounded scales: stem 1-2 dm. high, 1-6-flowered: leaves 3-8, 

 scattered or somewhat verticillate : flowers usually solitary, nodding, yellow 

 or orange and tinged with purple: styles connate and stigma shortly 3-lobed: 

 capsule oblong to subglobose. From Utah and Montana to the Sierra Nevada 

 and British Columbia. 



7. LLOYDIA Salisb. 



The bulb upon an oblique rhizome, covered by the persistent scarious bases t 

 of the nearly filiform leaves. Stem leafy, usually 1 -flowered. Perianth small, ' 

 spreading, white with purplish veins and base. Style undivided. 



1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. Ed. 2. 52. 1830. Stems 5-15 

 cm. high, equaling the leaves: flowers erect: perianth-segments oblanceolate, 

 obtuse, obscurely pitted at base: capsule obovate, obtusely angled: seeds 

 chestnut-colored. Mountains of Colorado and northward throughout the 

 alpine and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. 



8. ERYTHRONIUM L. DOGTOOTH VIOLET 



Herbs with deep-set bulbs. Leaves only 2, smooth, flat, shining, sheathing 

 the base of the naked stem. Flowers 1 or more, nodding. Perianth of six 

 separate and recurved segments; these oblanceolate, callous-toothed each side 

 of the grooved nectary. Styles usually distinct above. Capsule obovoid or 

 oblong. Seeds usually several in each cell. 



Leaves acute; anthers yellow 1. E. parviflorum. 



Leaves obtuse; anthers dark-purple . . . . . . . 2. E. obtusatum. 



1. Erythronium parviflorum (Wats.) L. N. Good. Bot. Gaz. 33: 67. 1902. 

 Bulb slender, 3-5 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. high: leaves oblong, tapering 

 gradually to the acute ends, 10-15 cm. long: flowers usually solitary; the 

 peduncle hook-curved at summit; segments lanceolate-acuminate, 2-3 cm. 

 long, bright yellow, with greenish base, strongly recurved: filaments narrowly 

 linear; the anthers pale yellow: capsule from oblong to oval, 2-3 cm. long. 

 E. grandiflorum minor. Subalpine in the central Rocky Mountains. 



2. Erythronium obtusatum L. N. Good. 1. c. Very similar but with larger, 

 thicker bulb: leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse but sometimes apiculate: peduncle 

 stout, usually 2-3-flowered (1-5) ; the perianth-segments pale yellow, drying 

 with a purplish tinge: filaments dilated at base and tapering to the acute apex; 

 anthers dark purple: stigma deeply 3-lobed. Northern Wyoming and ad- 

 jacent Idaho and Montana. 



9. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. MARIPOSA LILY 



Stems usually flexuous and branching, from coated conns. Leaves few, 

 linear-lanceolate, radical and cauline, the latter alternate and clasping, all 

 with many nerves and transverse veinlets. Flowers few, showy; in ours the 

 flowers are open-campanulate, white or lilac, with densely hairy glands, and 

 the capsule narrowly oblong with thick obtusely angled lobes. Outer perianth- 



