322 VIOLACEAE (VIOLET FAMILY) 



6. Viola erectifolia A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 29: 143. 1900. Stems short, from 

 a single taproot : leaves usually erect, elliptic to lance-oblong, entire or repand- 

 denticulate, sparsely pubescent especially on margins and veins, or glabrate, 

 3-8 cm. long on somewhat longer petioles: peduncles 6-12 cm. long, rarely 

 surpassing the leaves: flowers large: sepals linear, 7 mm. long: petals yellow, 

 tinged or streaked with purple, the laterals short-hirsute below the middle. 

 (V . gomphopetala Greene. PI. Baker. 3: 11. 1901.) In the higher mountains; 

 from Colorado to Montana. 



7. Viola linguaefolia Nutt. ex T. & G. Fl. Ir41. 1838. Mature plant 2-3 

 dm. high, subcaulescent, from a slender rootstock; leaves long-petioled, ob- 

 lanceolate, obtuse, decurrent upon the petiole; margins ciliate and obscurely 

 denticulate; surfaces more or less white-hirsute: flowers surpassing the leaves, 

 bright yellow, faintly veined with purple, the lateral petals slightly bearded: 

 sepals narrowly linear, finely ciliate. ( V. flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Bot. 

 Club 24: 405. 1897). Utah and Idaho to Oregon. 



8. Viola blanda Willd. Hort. Berol. PI. 24. 1806. Acaulescent from slen- 

 der running rootstocks, and more or less stolonif erous : leaf-blades ovate, 

 orbicular, or reniform, crenate, glabrous or nearly so, 1-3 cm. long, on longer 

 petioles: peduncles 3-10 cm. long, usually surpassing the leaves; flowers white, 

 fragrant: the sepals lanceolate: the 3 lower petals purple- veined and nearly 

 beardless: capsule oval. WHITE SWEET- VIOLET. (V. LeConteana Rydb. Fl. 

 Col., not Don; V. Madoskeyi Rydb. Fl. Col., not Lloyd). Wet stream banks 

 in the mountains. 



9. Viola palustris L. Sp. PI. 934. 1753. Glabrous and acaulescent, from 

 slender creeping rootstocks, stolonif erous: leaves ovate to reniform, crenate, 

 3-4 cm. long, on longer petioles: scapes 5-15 cm. high, generally surpassing 

 the leaves: flowers lilac to white, streaked with darker veins; sepals ovate, 

 mostly obtuse; spur short and saccate. Marshy meadows; Colorado, north- 

 ward and eastward. 



10. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pitt. 3: 44. 1896. Closely allied to the 

 preceding, but larger and not stoloniferous, and from a short, thickened, ver- 

 tical rootstock: leaves firm, glabrous, reniform to orbicular, crenate, 2-3 cm. 

 broad, on somewhat longer petioles; the later ones much larger, often tending 

 to ovate-cordate in outline, on lengthened petioles: scapes slender, from 

 shorter than to somewhat surpassing the leaves: sepals oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, 

 scarious-margined: petals purple or violet but white at base, with dark veins, 

 more or less villous: cleistogamous flowers on short, slender, ascending pe- 

 duncles: seeds large, exactly obovate. Common in open woods on moist 

 bottom lands throughout our range. 



11. Viola retusa Greene, Pitt. 4: 6. 1899. Low, stout, glabrous, and acau- 

 lescent; the erect rootstock short and thick: the early leaves small, sub reni- 

 form; the later successively cordate-ovate and deltoid-ovate with an abrupt 

 acumination, all with broad, open sinus and with the blade tapering more or 

 less to the petiole, crenate-serrate : peduncle stout, 5-15 cm. high, about as 

 long as the leaves, with triangular-subulate bracteoles above the middle: se- 

 pals lanceolate, scarious-margined, nerveless: petals spatulate or oblong, 

 retuse or obtuse at apex, purple or violet (blue ?), three of them somewhat 

 bearded at base. Colorado and Wyoming. 



12. Viola canadensis L. Sp. PL 936. 1753. Nearly glabrous, 1-3 dm. 

 high, from an ascending rootstock: leaves thin, cordate or broader, either 

 abruptly or gradually acuminate; stipules entire, lanceolate, acuminate, 

 scarious: peduncles shorter than the leaves, slender, axillary: sepals linear- 

 lanceolate, scarcely auricled: petals from pale violet to nearly white, purple- 

 veined, with yellowish base: capsules pubescent. Seemingly within our range; 

 common eastward. 



12a. Viola canadensis Rydbergii (Greene) House. Scabro-puberulent -on 

 the veins and leaf-margins. (V. Rydbergii Greene, Pitt. 5: 27. 1902.) The 

 more usual Rocky Mountain form. 



126. Viola canadensis scopulorum Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 291. 1886. A 

 small, depressed, nearly glabrous form. Canons and cliffs; central Colorado. 



