348 UMBELLIFERAE (PARSNIP FAMILY) 



1. SANICULA L. 



Smooth perennials, with nearly naked stem?. Leaves palmately divided; 

 the lobes more or less pinnatifid or incised. Umbels involucrate with sessile, 

 leafy, usually toothed bracts; the bractlets of the involucels small and entire. 

 Calyx-teeth foliaceous, persistent. Fruit subglobose or obovoid; ribs obso- 

 lete; oil-tubes numerous. Seed hemispherical. 



1. Sanicula marylandica L. Sp. PI. 1: 235. 1753. Stem 3-5 dm. high: 

 leaves all 5-7-parted: sterile flowers numerous, on slender pedicels: styles 

 elongated and conspicuous, recurved: fruit subglobose, covered with hooked 

 bristles or tubercles. In the eastern part of our range and extending to the 



Atlantic States. 







2. WASHINGTONIA Raf . 



Glabrous to hirsute perennials, from thick aromatic roots, 3-9 dm. high, 

 with ternately decompound leaves, broad-ovate to lanceolate variously toothed 

 leaflets, involucre and involucels few-leaved or wanting, and white or purple 

 flowers in few-rayed and few-fruited umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit 

 linear-oblong, more or less attenuate at base, obtuse, acute, or beaked at 

 apex, glabrous or bristly on ribs. Carpel slightly flattened dorsally or not 

 at all, often tapering into a long caudate attenuation at base. Osmorhiza. 



Fruit with bristly ribs and carpel with long caudate attenuation. 



Involucel present; style evident . . . . . . . 1. W. longistylis. 



Involucel wanting. 



Fruit obtuse at apex 2. W. obtusa. 



Fruit with a sharp beak ........ 3. W. divaricata. 



Fruit glabrous, the carpel without caudate attenuation . . . 4. W. occidentalis. 



1. Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Brit. I11.F1. 2: 530. 1897. Stout, from 

 sweet aromatic roots, glabrous or glabrate (sometimes quite pubescent when 

 young): leaves 2-3-ternate; leaflets acuminate, much cleft and toothed: 

 umbel 4-6-rayed, with involucre and involucels of few bracts; rays stout and 

 spreading, 3-5 cm. long: fruit (not including the attenuation) 12 mm. long, 

 bristly on the ribs; stylopodium slender, conical, terminated by a style 2 mm. 

 long. In the eastern part of our range to the Atlantic States. 



2. Washingtonia obtusa C. & R. Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 64. 1900. Slender, 

 3-5 dm. high, nearly glabrous: leaflets ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 

 sharply toothed: umbel with very wide-spreading rays (lateral ones even de- 

 flexed) ; the 2-4 pedicels 12-25 mm. long: fruit about 16 mm. long, obtuse (often 

 slightly pointed just at the tip), somewhat hispid-pubescent; stylopodium 

 very short. Osmorhiza nuda. Throughout the Rocky Mountains and far 

 westward. 



3. Washingtonia divaricata Brit. 1. c. 531. Resembles the preceding, but 

 3-7 dm. high, nearly glabrous: leaflets thin and larger, becoming 6 cm. long, 

 lanceolate to ovate, acute to acuminate, coarsely toothed and usually incised: 

 umbels with 2-9 spreading rays, and pedicels 10-18 mm. long, usually about 

 as long as the fruit, sometimes longer or shorter: fruit 16-20 mm. long, with 

 a distinct beak 2 mm. long; stylopodium and style 1 mm. long, the former not 

 so broad as high and longer than the very short style. Wyoming and Utah 

 to Alaska. 



4. Washingtonia occidentalis (Nutt.) C. & R. 1. c. 67. Rather stout, pu- 

 berulent: leaves 2- or 3-ternate; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, 3.5-10 cm. long, 

 acute, coarsely serrate, rarely incised: umbel 5-1 2-rayed, naked or with 1 or 

 2 involucral bracts; fruiting rays 2.5-12.5 cm. Rmg, usually erect and forming 

 a somewhat compact cluster of fruits; pedicels 2-8 mm. Ions;: fruit 12-16 

 mm. long, obtuse at base, glabrous, distinctly beaked, and with prominent 

 acute ribs; stylopodium and style 1-2 mm. long, the former mostly conical: 

 seed face strongly concave. Throughout our range, westward and north- 

 ward. 



