UMBELLIFERAE (PARSNIP FAMILY) 353 



Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Fruit oblong or ovate, flattened laterally if at 

 all, glabrous. Carpel with all the ribs prominent and equal (intervals broad), 

 acute or sometimes slightly winged, a group of strengthening cells beneath 

 each rib; stylopodium conical; oil-tubes 2-6 (mostly 3-5) in the intervals, 

 6-10 on the commissural side. Seed with round or angled back; face from 

 plane to deeply concave, with or without a central longitudinal ridge. 



Stems more or less leafy; fruit more or less winged. 

 Fruit 4-5 mm. long. 



Foliage dark green; oil-tubes mostly 3 in the intervals and 6-8 



on the commissure . . . . . . . . 1. L. simulans. 



Foliage light green; oil-tubes mostly 5 in the intervals and about 



10 on the commissure . . . . . . . . 2. L. affine. 



Fruit 6-7 mm. long. 



Ultimate leaf-segments narrowly linear . . . . . 3. L. filicinum. 



Ultimate leaf-segments not linear 4. L. Ported. 



Stems naked or nearly so, giving an acaulescent appearance . . 5. L. tenuifolium. 



1. Ligusticum simulans C. & R. Contrib. Nat. Herb. 7: 135. 1900. Gla- 

 brous except some slight roughness in the inflorescence; rather stout, 6-9 dm. 

 high: leaves nearly all basal, varying greatly in size, ternate, then once or 

 twice pinnate; segments narrowly oblong to ovate, variously toothed or lobed: 

 umbel many-rayed, with involucels of linear bractlets; rays (fruiting) 2.5-7.5 

 cm. long; pedicels 6-10 mm. long; flowers white: fruit oblong, 4-5 mm. long, 

 the ribs with narrow and very thin wings; stylopodium low-conical. South- 

 ern Wyoming. 



2. Ligusticum affine A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 223. 1901. Similar 

 but larger, pale green: root leaves large, biternate and then once or twice 

 pinnate; the ultimate segments linear-oblong to lanceolate, entire or few- 

 toothed; stem leaves 1-3, much smaller: peduncles long, much surpassing the 

 foliage; involucels of few linear-subulate, early deciduous bractlets: fruit ellip- 

 tic, about 5 mm. long, the ribs distinctly winged; oil-tubes usually 5 in the 

 intervals, and 10 on the commissural side ; stylopodium flattened, hemispheri- 

 cal. In the mountains; southern Wyoming and adjacent Colorado. 



3. Ligusticum filicinum Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 140. 1876. Stem 

 4-9 dm. high, more or less leafy, with glabrous inflorescence: lower leaves 

 often very large, once or twice ternate, then bipinnate; the segments or their 

 pinnatifid divisions narrowly linear: umbel of numerous rays, with involucels 

 of one or few small linear bractlets; rays (fruiting) 2.5-^5 cm. long; pedicels 

 6-10 mm. long: fruit narrowly oblong, 6-7 mm. long, with somewhat promi- 

 nent conical stylopodia, and prominent somewhat winged ribs; oil-tubes 

 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissural side. Mountains of Utah and 

 extending into Wyoming and Montana. 



4. Ligusticum Porteri C. & R. Rev. N. Am. Umbel. 86. 1888. Rather 

 stout, 6-9 dm. high, leafy, with glabrous or puberulent inflorescence: leaves 

 large, biternate then bipinnate; the numerous, rather crowded segments lan- 

 ceolate to lanceolate-ovate, laciniately pinnatifid, toothed to entire, varying 

 greatly in the degree and character of cutting, the lobes ranging from very 

 narrow and sharp to broad and obtuse: umbel of numerous rays, mostly 

 with neither involucre nor involucels; rays (fruiting) 2.5-5 cm. long; pedi- 

 cels 6-8 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish: fruit oblong-ovate, 6-7 mm. 

 long, with rather prominent winged ribs; stylopodium broad and low; oil- 

 tubes 4-6 in the intervals, 8-10 on the commissural side. Throughout our 

 range. 



5. Ligusticum tenuifolium Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. Stem 

 slender, 3-6 dm. high, naked above the base or with a single leaf, bearing 1-3 

 glabrous umbels: leaves small, ternate, then pinnately decompound, finely 

 dissected with laciniately divided leaflets, the ultimate segments narrowly 

 linear to filiform: umbel few-rayed (6-12), with involucels of 1 or 2 narrowly 

 linear bractlets; rays about 2.5 cm. long; pedicels 4-6 mm. long: fruit oblong, 

 with narrow ribs; oil-tubes 3-5 in the intervals, 6-8 on the commissural side. 

 Colorado to Idaho and Oregon. 



ROCKY MT. BOT. 23 



