366 PYROLACEAE (WINTERGREEN FAMILY) 



1. CORNUS L. DOGWOOD 



Shrubs or perennial herbs, with opposite entire leaves and small flowers in 

 open naked cymes or in close heads surrounded by a corolla-like involucre. 

 Flowers perfect. Calyx minutely 4-toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. 

 Stamens 4, with slender filaments. Style slender, with terminal stigma. Fruit 

 a small drupe with a 2-celled and 2-seeded stone. 



A low herb, from a creeping rootstock . . . . . . . 1. C. canadensis. 



Shrubs. 



Pubescence straight; stone irregular and scarcely flattened . . 2. C. stolonifera. 



Pubescence partly woolly; stone flattened . . . . . 3. C. Baileyi. 



1. CornuscanadensisL.Sp.Pl. 117. 1753. Stems low and simple, 1-2 dm. 

 high, from a slender creeping trunk: leaves scarcely petioled, the upper 

 crowded into an apparent whorl of six or four, ovate or oval: flowers green- 

 ish, in a head or close cluster, which is surrounded by a large and showy, 

 4-leaved, corolla-like, white or rarely pinkish involucre: fruit bright red. 

 (Cornelia Rydb.) Colorado and northward, thence eastward across the con- 

 tinent. 



2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 92. 1803. Shrub 1-2 m. high; 

 branches, especially the osier-like annual shoots, bright red-purple, smooth: 

 leaves ovate, rounded at the base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a 

 minute close straight pubescence on both sides, whitish underneath: flowers 

 white, in open and flat, spreading cymes; involucre none: fruit white or lead- 

 color. Same range as the last. 



3. Cornus Baileyi Coult. & Evans. Bot. Gaz. 15: 37. 1890. Erect shrub, 

 with reddish-brown mostly smooth branches; branchlets and inflorescence 

 pubescent to woolly: leaves from lanceolate to ovate, acute or short-acuminate, 

 appressed-pubescent to glabrate above, white beneath and with woolly hairs 

 variously intermingled with appressed ones: flowers in small, rather compact 

 cymes: calyx- teeth from small to prominent: fruit white; stone decidedly 

 compressed, flat-topped, rarely oblique, with a very prominently furrowed 

 edge, much broader than high. (Suida interior Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 

 31: 572. 1904.) Colorado to northeastern Wyoming and the Great Lakes. 



86. PYROLACEAE Agardh. WINTERGREEN FAMILY 



Mostly low perennials, with simple, petioled, dark green leaves. Flowers per- 

 fect, solitary, racemose, or corymbose, nearly regular, white or purple. Calyx 

 4-5-lobed. Corolla of 5 distinct or but slightly united petals. Stamens twice 

 as many as the corolla lobes; the anthers opening introrsely by pores or short 

 slits, inverted in anthesis so that the real base with its pores becomes apical. 

 Ovary superior; the style often declined. Fruit a loculicidal capsule with 

 numerous seeds. 



Flowers racemose; leaves basal . . . . . . . .1. Pyrola. 



Flowers solitary-terminal; leaves whorled near the base . . . .2. Moneses. 



Flowers umbellately corymbose; stem leafy 3. Chimaphila. 



1. PYROLA L. WINTERGREEN 



Acaulescent evergreens, with a cluster of round or roundish leaves, and some 

 scarious scales on the ascending summit of slender subterranean rootstocks. 

 Scape more or less scaly-bracted, bearing a raceme of white, greenish, or pur- 

 plish nodding flowers, in summer. Stamens 10 ; anthers emarginate or 2-beaked 

 at the base. Disk usually obsolete. Ovary 5-valved from the base, the valves 

 with cobwebby margins. 



Style and stamens declined. 



Flowers white or greenish; plants of dry ground. 

 Leaf-blades shorter than the petioles, leathery. 



Orbicular, not mottled . 1. P. chlorantha 



