368 MONOTROPACEAE (INDIAN PIPE FAMILY) 



or tinged with rose-color, 15-18 mm. in diameter. Deep moist woods; Col- 

 orado and Utah to Oregon, Pennsylvania, and northward. 



3. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. PIPSISSEWA 



Low, nearly herbaceous plants, with long running underground shoots, and 

 evergreen thick and shining leaves somewhat whorled or scattered along the 

 short ascending stems. The fragrant (white or purplish) flowers corymbed 

 or umbelled on a terminal peduncle. Petals 5, concave, orbicular, widely 

 spreading. Stamens 10; filaments enlarged and hairy in the middle; anthers 

 as in Pyrola, but more or less conspicuously 2-horned. Style very short, 

 inversely conical, nearly immersed in the depressed summit of the globular 

 ovary; stigma broad and orbicular, disk-shaped, the border 5-crenate. Cap- 

 sule, etc., as in Pyrola, but splitting from the apex downward, the edges of 

 the valves not woolly. 



1. Chimaphila umbellate Nutt. Gen. 1: 274. 1818. Stem stout, 1-3 dm. 

 high, very leafy, often branched: leaves cuneate-oblanceolate with tapering 

 base, sharply serrate, not spotted, bright green and shining, 2-7 cm. long: 

 flowers several, umbellate or subcorymbose, white or pinkish; bracts narrow, 

 deciduous: filaments hairy on the margins only. In dry woods; across the 

 continent; also in Europe and Asia. 



87. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. INDIAN PIPE FAMILY 



Fleshy herbs, parasitic or more often saprophytic, usually pale (tawny or 

 flesh-color), the leaves reduced to mere scales upon the scapes. Flowers much 

 as in Pyrolaceae. 



Petals united (sympetalous), persistent . . . . . . .1. Pterospora. 



Petals distinct, deciduous. 



Flowers solitary, inodorous ......... 2. Monotropa. 



Flowers racemose, odorous ......... 3. Hypopitys. 



1. PTEROSPORA Nutt. PINEDROPS 



Scape tall, scaly-bracted, from a thick base with matted fibrous roots. 

 Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla globular urn-shaped. Stamens 10, included. 

 Disk none. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule depressed-globular, 5-lobed. Seeds 

 innumerable, broadly winged from the apex. 



1. Pterospora Andromeda Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818. Stems simple, stout, 

 purplish-brown, 3-8 dm. high or more, glandular and viscid-pubescent through- 

 out, bearing numerous lanceolate or linear scales and many flowers in a long 

 raceme: pedicels slender, spreading, soon recurved, 7-20 mm. long: sepals ob- 

 long, 2-4 mm. long: corolla white, 6 mm. long, viscid. In rich woods; prob- 

 ably parasitic on the roots of conifers; the Rocky Mountains and across the 

 continent northward. 



2. MONOTROPA L. INDIAN PIPE 



Low fleshy plants with many scattered scale-like bracts and a solitary nod- 

 ding white flower. Calyx of 2-4 irregular sepals, or perhaps bracts, the lower 

 ones rather distant from the flower, deciduous. Petals 5, rarely 6, erect, not 

 saccate at base, tardily deciduous. Stamens twice as many as petals; filaments 

 filiform-subulate; anthers somewhat reniform, opening at first by two trans- 

 verse chinks, at length 2-yalved, the valves almost equal and equally spread- 

 ing. Style short and thick; stigma funnelform with naked edge. Capsule 

 ovoid, erect in fruit. Seeds small, very numerous, with loose cellular coat. 



