412 BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) 



Crests in corolla-throat short-pubescent . . . . 3. L. subdecumbens. 



Crests in corolla-throat long-hirsute 4. L. caerulescens. 



Racemes bracteate; fruiting pedicels not deflexed. 

 Marginal prickles distinct or nearly so. 

 Prickles in one row. 

 Sepals not enlarged. 



Stems branched above . . . . . . . 5. L. erecta. 



Stems branched throughout 6. L. occidentalis. 



Sepals enlarged and reflexed . . . . . . 7. L. calycosa. 



Prickles in two rows. 



Prickles similar; plant strict . . . . . 8. L. Lappula. . 



Prickles dissimilar; plant spreading 9. L. cenchroides. 



Marginal prickles more or less confluent, forming a cupulate 



border to the nutlet. 

 Floriferous from the base, foliose throughout. 



Cup deep, margin involute . . . . . . 10. L. cucullata. 



Cup shallow, margin revolute . . . . . .11. L. foliosa. 



Floriferous on the branches, bracted above . . . . 12. L. heterosperma. 



1. Lappula americana (Gray) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 294. 1897. 

 Roughly short-pubescent, 3-7 dm. high; stem simple below, slenderly and 

 divaricately branched above: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long: racemes 

 slender and sparsely flowered; the slender pedicels deflexed in fruit, 5-6 mm. 

 long: corolla minute: nutlets roughened-papillose on the back, a row of flat 

 prickles on the margin. Wyoming and northward. 



2. Lappula floribunda, (Lehm.) Greene, Pitt. 2: 182. 1891. Hirsute- 

 pubescent; stems stout, erect, 5-8 dm. high: leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 

 the lowest tapering into margined petioles: racemes numerous, crowded, 

 commonly geminate and in fruit rather strict: corolla rotate, blue, 7-8 

 mm. broad: fruit pyramidal, on recurved pedicels about 6 mm. long; 

 nutlets with a flat, elongated-triangular scabrous back, the margin armed 

 with a close row of flat subulate prickles, the bases often confluent. 

 Echinospermum floribundum Lehm. Rich moist ground; Western United 

 States. 



3. Lappula subdecumbens (Parry) A. Nels. Mostly soft-hirsute, some of 

 the hairs with papillose base; stems several or many from large roots, diffusely 

 spreading, 3-7 dm. long: leaves ample; lower oblanceolate, tapering intb a 

 margined petiole, 7-15 cm. long; upper oblong, sessile, gradually smaller and 

 bract-like: inflorescence paniculate, at length open: corolla rotate, blue vary- 

 ing to white, 8-12 mm. broad: pedicels at length deflexed, about 5 mm. long, 

 equaling the fruit: marginal prickles of nutlets subulate and very flat, nearly 

 as long as the width of the dorsal disk, this beset with a few small glochidiate 



frocesses. (Echinospermum subdecumbens Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 1: 

 48. 1876.) Northwestern part of our range and westward. 



4. Lappula caerulescens Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 328. 1900. 

 Stems several, ascending, 4-6 dm. high, grayish-strigose, simple up to the 

 inflorescence: basal leaves 5-10 cm. long, numerous; blade oblanceolate, ob- 

 tuse, grayish-strigose and ciliate-margined, tapering into a winged petiole; 

 stem leaves oblong, 2-5 cm. long, sessile or the upper somewhat clasping: 

 inflorescence open and rather loosely flowered: calyx strigose, 2 mm. long: 

 corolla 6-10 mm. in diameter, from nearly white to sky-blue, the crests with 

 some long white hairs upon them: nutlets 3 mm. long; marginal prickles of 

 two lengths, free to the base, all glochidiate; back finely muriculate and 

 usually with a central ridge bearing about 10 glochidiate prickles; ventral 

 surface finely rugose. Northwestern Wyoming, Yellowstone Park, and north- 

 westward. 



5. Lappula erecta A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27: 268. 1900. Annual 

 or biennial, cinereously strigose-pubescent ; stems 1-5 from the crown of a 

 taproot, simple, erect, paniculately branched above, 2-4 dm. high: crown 

 leaves rosulate, small, oblanceolate, petioled; stem leaves broadly linear, ses- 

 sile or nearly so, 1-4 cm. long: flowers small, blue varying to white, crowded 

 on the panicled branches, more open in fruit: nutlets minutely and densely 

 muricate-tuberculate on all sides, with the murications in the median line of 

 the back a little more prominent than the others, a single series of about 10 



