SCROPHULARIACEAE (FIGWORT FAMILY) 457 



segments crenulate or incised: spike dense, 1-2 dm. long: calyx 5-toothed, 

 nearly equaling the corolla-tube: corolla red or purple; galea decurved against 

 the lower lip and upwardly recurved beyond it: capsule obliquely ovate. 

 (Elephantella groenlandica Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 360. 1900.) 

 In swamps and wet meadows; throughout northern America. 



16. CASTILLEJA * Mutis 



Herbs with alternate leaves and red, yellow, purple, or white flowers in 

 dense, terminal, leafy-bracted spikes, the bracts often brightly colored and 

 much larger than the flowers. Calyx tubular, laterally flattened, more or 

 less cleft above or below, or both, the lobes entire or 2-cleft. Corolla tu- 

 bular, very irregular, the tube not longer than the calyx, the limb bilabiate ; 

 upper lip (galea) arched, elongated, concave or keeled, laterally compressed, 

 entire, inclosing the didynamous stamens; lower lip short, often very small, 

 3-toothed, 3 carinate or somewhat saccate below the short teeth. 



Annual . 1. G. exilis. 



Perennials. 



Calyx less deeply cleft above than below. 

 Corolla long (4-5 cm.). 



Galea as long as the tube of the corolla . . . 2. C. linariaefolia. 



Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla . . . 3. C. sessili flora. 



Corolla short (2-3 cm.). 



Inflorescence bright red or scarlet 4. C. collina. 



Inflorescence greenish or yellow. 



Lip of corolla half as long as the galea . . . 5. C. brachyantha 



Lip of corolla very short . . . . . . . 6. C. flava. 



Calyx equally or subequally cleft above and below. 

 Inflorescence conspicuously red, scarlet, or purple. 



Galea longer than the tube of the corolla or the two subequal. 



Leaves glabrate; galea exserted . . . . . 7. C. miniata. 



Leaves pubescent; galea partly exserted . . . 8. C. chromosa 



Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla. 

 Stems low, mostly less than 3 dm. high. 

 Floral bracts laciniately 3-5-cleft. 



Leaves entire or pinnately lobed . . . . . 9. C. Haydenii. 



Leaves mostly equally 3-cleft 10. C. Buffumii. 



Floral bracts entire or nearly so 11. C. integra. 



Stems taller, 3-5 dm. or more. 



Calyx with 4 subequal lobes 12. C. confusa. 



Calyx with 2 primary lobes which are more or less cleft. 



Floral bracts bright purple 13. C. lauta. 



Floral bracts bright scarlet. 



Stems in clumps, from a woody caudex . . . 14. C. rhexifolia. 

 Stems single, spreading by creeping rootstocks . 15. C. lancifolia. 

 Inflorescence pale, greenish, or yellow. 



Galea equaling the tube of the corolla, or nearly so . . 16. C. dubia. 

 Galea shorter than the tube of the corolla. 



Galea short, or not more than twice as long as the lip. 



Calyx cleft into 4 subequal lobes . . . . . 17. C. longispica. 



Calyx 2-cleft, the lobes bidentate or cleft. 

 Inflorescence more or less pilose. 



Primary calyx-lobes merely bidentate . . .18. C. pilifera. 

 Primary calyx-lobes 2-cleft . . . . . 19. C. fasciculata. 



Inflorescence cinereous-puberulent, not pilose . . 20. C. pallescens. 

 Galea more than twice as long as the lip. 



Corolla and calyx subequal . . . . . . 21. C. lineata. 



Corolla distinctly surpassing the calyx. 



Low (1-2 dm.) 22. C. occidentalis. 



Taller (3-5 dm.) 23. C. sulphurea. 



1. Castffleja exilis A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 100. 1904. Villous- 

 pubescent; stem slender, strict, simple or with 1 or 2 erect branches, 3-7 dm. 

 nigh: leaves all linear-lanceolate and entire, sessile, acuminate, 4-8 cm. long: 

 bracts similar to the leaves but smaller, red or red-tipped, very narrow, 

 equaling or longer than the short-pediceled flowers: calyx green, cleft on both 

 sides to about the middle, the lobes lanceolate, acute, entire or 2-toothed: 

 corolla yellow, 12-20 mm. long, the upper lip much longer than the small 



* For other closely allied species coming into the borders of our range, see Bull. Torr. 

 Bot. Club 34: 35-41. 1907, where Rydberg characterizes thirteen additional species. 



