466 RUBIACEAE (MADDER FAMILY) 



obovate, scarious except the midrib: capsule ovoid, slightly exceeding the 

 calyx, 2-4-seeded, circumscissile below the middle; seeds nearly flat. (P. 

 retrorsa Greene, PL Baker. 3: 32. 1901.) Abundant in saline or alkaline 

 meadows in our range and far westward. 



6. Plantago Purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3: 120. 1818. White-woolly or 

 silky pale-green annual: leaves ascending, linear, acute or acuminate, narrowed 

 into margined petioles, 1-3-neryed, 5-25 cm. long, entire or with a few small 

 teeth: scapes 0.5-3 dm. high: spikes very dense, hoary, cylindrical, obtuse, very 

 woolly; bracts rigid, linear-subulate: sepals oblong, obtuse, scarious-margined: 

 corolla-lobes broadly ovate, spreading: stamens 4, just exserted from the tube 

 or with long capillary filaments: capsule oblong, obtuse; seeds 2, light brown, 

 oblong, convex on the back, deeply concave on the face. Dry slopes and 

 plains; the western half of the United States. 



7. Plantago elongata Pursh, Fl. 729. 1814. Somewhat cinereous-puberu- 

 lent annual: leaves linear-spatulate, 3-5 cm. long, entire: scapes 3-10 cm. 

 high: spikes 1-3 cm. long, loosely flowered; flowers imperfectly dioecious or 

 polygamous; bracts ovate, keeled, about 1 mm. long: sepals oblong, obtuse, 

 about equaling the bracts, with broad scarious margins: corolla-lobes triangular- 

 ovate, acute, becoming erect and closed over the capsule: stamens 2: capsule 

 short-ovoid, a little longer than the calyx, circumscissile below the middle, 

 4-seeded; seeds elongated-oblong, dark brown. P. pusilla. (P. myosuroides 



'Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 369. 1900.) Wet places; transcontinental; 

 rare in our range. 



109. RUBIACEAE B. Juss. MADDER FAMILY 



Shrubs or (ours) herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed 

 stipules, or verticillate without apparent stipules. Calyx adnate to the 

 2-4-celled ovary. Stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla, 

 and inserted on its tube. Ovary 1-10-celled; style simple or lobed. Fruit 

 (in ours) dry, separating into 2 indehiscent carpels. 



Leaves opposite, with entire, interpetiolar stipules . . . . . 1. Kelloggia 

 Leaves verticillate, without stipules ........ 2. Galium. 



1. KELLOGGIA Torr. 



Small herbs with opposite leaves and small loosely cymose-panicled flowers. 

 Flowers generally 4-merous. Calyx with obovate tube and minute teeth. 

 Corolla between funnelform and salverform. Stamens and style more or less 

 exserted. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit small, dry, and coriaceous, beset with 

 hooked bristles, separating at maturity into 2-closed carpels. 



1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exp. 332. 1874. Slender and 

 glabrous or puberulent perennial, 1-3 dm. high: leaves opposite, lanceolate, 

 sessile, with small and entire or 2-dentate interposed stipules: flowers small, 

 in a loose dichotomous cyme, the long pedicels thickened above and articu- 

 lated with the flower: corolla funnelform, white or pinkish, 5-W mm. long, 

 pubescent on the outside: fruit small, oblong, coriaceous, uncinate-hispid. 

 From Wyoming to Washington and California. 



2. GALIUM L. BEDSTRAW. CLEAVERS 



Slender herbs, with small cymose flowers (produced in summer), square 

 stems, and whorled leaves, the roots often containing a red coloring matter. 

 Calyx-teeth obsolete. Corolla 4-parted, rarely 3-parted, wheel-shaped, val- 

 vate in the bud. Stamens 4, rarely 3, short. Styles 2. Fruit dry or fleshy, 

 globular, twin, separating when ripe into the 2 seed-like, indehiscent, 1- 

 seeded carpels. 



