CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) 473 



sides, deeply cordate, 3-7-lobed to about the middle, the lobes triangular- 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate, remotely serrulate: staminate flowers very 

 numerous, in narrow compound racemes: pistillate flowers solitary, or rarely 

 2 together: fruit ovoid, green, about 5 cm. long, armed with slender spines. 

 Along rivers and in waste places; from the eastern part of our range to the 

 Atlantic States. 



113. CAMPANULACEAE Juss. BLUEBELL FAMILY 



Herbs with alternate exstipulate leaves. Flowers racemose or solitary, 

 generally blue and showy. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary. Corolla sym- 

 petalous, campanulate or rotate. Stamens usually 5, free from the corolla 

 and distinct.- Style single but mostly with 2-5 stigmas. Capsule prismatic 

 or elongated-oblong, 2-4-celled, opening by small lateral valves. Seeds 

 minute and numerous. 



Corolla campanulate . . . . . . . .. . 1. Campanula. 



Corolla rotate . . . 2. Specularia. 



1. CAMPANULA L. BLUEBELL. HAREBELL 



Herbs with terminal or axillary (usually blue) flowers. Calyx 5-cleft. 

 Corolla generally bell-shaped, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, separate, with filaments 

 broad and membranaceous at base. Stigmas 3, and as many cells of the ovary. 

 Pod short, opening on the sides by as many valves or pores. 



Low and mostly 1 -flowered; capsule opening near the summit. 



Alpine; with woody caudex . . . . . . . . 1. C. uniflora. 



Subalpine; with filiform rootstock . . . . . . . 2. C. Parryi. 



Taller and several to many-flowered. 



Stem smooth; capsule nodding . . . . . . . 3. C. rotundifolia. 



Stem hispid on the angles; capsule erect 4. C. aparinoides. 



1. Campanula uniflora L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753. Chiefly glabrous, 4-10 cm. 

 high, from a stout, several-headed rootstock: leaves small, 1-3 cm. long, 

 thickish, entire or nearly so; the lowest spatulate or oblong, obtuse; the upper- 

 most linear: flowers 8-12 mm. in length, mostly horizontal: calyx-tube nearly 

 as long as the lobes which are from half to fully as long as the deeply cam- 

 panulate bluish corolla: capsule cylindraceous or clavate, about 1 cm. long. 

 On bare alpine slopes in the Rocky Mountains, and extending into the arctic 

 regions. 



2. Campanula Parryi Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2: 395. 1886. From elongated 

 and creeping filiform rootstocks, 8-25 cm. high, mainly smooth and glabrous; 

 stem slender, erect, simple and with slender-peduncled flower, or with some 

 lateral leafy branches : leaves thinnish, entire or sparingly callous-denticulate, 

 somewhat veiny; radical and lower spatulate or lanceolate with tapering base, 

 hirsute-ciliate; upper linear-lanceolate, from a sessile base, attenuate-acute: 

 flower erect in anthesis: corolla almost crateriform, 5-lobed to middle, spread- 

 ing, 2-3 cm. in diameter, violet-blue or even purplish, little surpassing the 

 linear-subulate often callous-denticulate calyx-lobes: ovary turbinate: capsule 

 nearly obovate, opening close under the base of the erect calyx-lobes. C. 

 plani flora. In the mountains of our range. 



3. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753. Slender, branching, 

 10-30 cm. high, 1-10-flowered: root leaves round-cordate or ovate, mostly 

 toothed or crenate, long-petioled, early withering away; stem leaves numerous, 

 linear or narrowly lanceolate, entire, smooth: calyx-lobes awl-shaped: cap- 

 sule nodding, opening at or near the base. (C. petiolata Rydb. Fl. Col. 326. 

 1906.) Subarctic and extending southward in the mountains to Mexico. 



4. Campanula aparinoides Pursh, Fl. 1: 150. 1816. Stem almost filiform, 

 3-6 dm. high, equably leafy to the top, the sharp angles rough with short re- 



