C'OMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 507 



disk-flowers 10 or fewer: achene closely puberulent, cylindrical. S. nemoralis 

 as to our range. (S. radulina Rydb. 1. c. 31: 650. 1904.) Frequent; Col- 

 orado to Montana. 



11. Solidago mollis Bartl. Ind. Sem. Goett. 5. 1836. Stems rigid, stout, 

 low, canescent or slightly scabrous, 1.5-3 dm. high: leaves pale, canescent or 

 rough, entire or dentate, strongly 3-nerved, oblong, ovate, or ob lanceolate; 

 the lower petioled, 5-7 cm. long, 6-25 mm. wide, obtuse; the upper sessile, 

 smaller: heads 4-6 mm. high, somewhat or scarcely secund on the short 

 branches of the erect, dense panicle: bracts of the involucre oblong: rays 

 5-9: achenes pubescent. S. nemoralis incana. In the eastern part of our 

 range to the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Texas. 



12. Solidago trinervata Greene, Pitt. 3: 100. 1896. Stems decumbent and 

 ascending, from branching and widely spreading horizontal rootstocks; 

 herbage cinereous-scabrous: leaves widely spreading, linear-lanceolate, entire, 

 very acute, many of them distinctly triple-nerved, mostly 5-8 cm. long: 

 panicle of unilateral racemes rather lax: bracts of the involucre in few series 

 and acutish, glabrous and conspicuously green-tipped: achenes hispidulous. 

 Frequent in the dry canons of the foothills throughout our range. 



13. Solidago nana Nutt. 1. c. Stems 1-3 dm. high, canescent with minute, 

 dense puberulence, not scabrous in age: leaves mostly obovate or spatulate 

 and entire, small: heads 5-6 mm. long, rather broad, few or numerous in an 

 oblong or corymbiform panicle, not at all secund; bracts of the involucre oval 

 or oblong, very obtuse: rays 5-9, often more numerous than the disk-flowers. 

 In the mountains and on the high dry plateaus; New Mexico to Montana 

 and to Arizona and Nevada. 



14. Solidago occidentalis Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 2: 226. 1842. Stems 4-10 dm. 

 high, paniculately branched above: leaves very numerous, linear, 1-3-nerved, 

 more or less finely punctate, glabrous, the margins obscurely scabrous: heads 

 in corymbose clusters, 4-5 mm. high; bracts of the involucre chartaceous, 

 linear-lanceolate: rays 16-20; disk-flowers 8-12. (Euthamia occidentalis 

 Nutt.) Wet ground; New Mexico to Montana and to the Pacific States. 



15. Solidago camporum (Greene) A. Nels. Stems simple or paniculately 

 branched above, 3-6 dm. high, whitish, striate, glabrous: leaves light green, 

 narrowly oblong to lance-linear, 1-nerved, or the lateral nerves faint, mar- 

 ginally serrulate-scabrous, so also the midvein above, but the lower face of 

 the leaf wholly glabrous, strongly and closely punctate on both faces: inflo- 

 rescence somewhat fastigiate, branchlets and pedicels with remotely scabrous 

 angles: heads not densely glomerate; bracts of involucre thinnish, yellowish 

 throughout, obtuse or acute. S. lanceolata. (Euthamia camporum Greene, 

 Pitt. 5: 74. 1902.) Eastern Colorado and Wyoming to Minnesota and the 

 Dakotas. 



16. Solidago rigida L. Sp. PI. 880. 1753. Stem stout, simple, or branched 

 above, densely rough-pubescent or hoary, 3-15 dm. high: leaves thick, rigid, 

 often obtuse, rough on both sides; the upper sessile, clasping and rounded or 

 sometimes narrowed at the base, 3-5 cm. long, mostly entire; lower and basal 

 leaves long-petioled, sometimes 3 dm. long and 7 cm. wide, entire or serru- 

 late: heads 8-10 mm. high, many-flowered, in a terminal dense corymbose 

 cyme; involucre broadly campanulate, the bracts oblong, obtuse, the outer 

 pubescent: rays 6-10, large: achenes glabrous, 10-15-nerved. (Oligoneuron 

 rigidum Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 1188. 1903; O. canescens Rydb. Bull. Torr. 

 Bot. Club 31: 652. 1904; S. rigida humilis Porter.) The eastern part of our 

 range and far eastward and southward. 



20. TOWNSENDIA Hook. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, often tufted, acaulescent or caulescent 

 (simple or branched from the base). Heads large; the pink, purple, or whitish 

 rays in 1 series, rather long, pistillate, sometimes infertile; disk-flowers per- 

 fect, with tubular-obconic 5-toothed corollas. Branches of the style lanceo- 

 late, acutish, hairy towards the ends. Involucres hemispherical or subglobose, 



