COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 509 



than the achenes. Mountains of northwestern Wyoming and in those of 

 Idaho and Montana. 



4. Townsendia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 306. 1841. 

 Perennial from a long woody root, branching at the base and sometimes also 

 above, pubescent, or at length glabrate, 5-20 cm. high: leaves linear or 

 linear-spatulate, 3-7 cm. long, canescent: heads 3-4 cm. broad, solitary at 

 the ends of the branches; involucre hemispheric, the bracts scarious-margined, 

 lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate: rays violet or purple: pappus of the ray- 

 flowers a crown of short scales, that of the disk-flowers of rigid bristles longer 

 than the achene. Wyoming to Nebraska and New Mexico. 



5. Townsendia alpina (Gray) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 390. 1900. 

 Allied to the foregoing but nearly or quite stemless and more pubescent and 

 cinereous: leaves small, only 10-15 mm. long: bracts of the involucre short- 

 acuminate: rays rose-purple or pink. Probably very rare; high mountains, 

 in northwestern Wyoming and adjacent Idaho and Montana. 



6. Townsendia condensata Parry, 1. c. 213. Very lanuginous with long 

 and soft arachnoid hairs, the spatulate-obovate leaves rosulate-crowded 

 around the large and broad sessile heads, the whole forming a globular or 

 hemispherical woolly tuft 3^-4 cm. high and surmounting a slender stoloni- 

 form caudex: bracts of the involucre linear and soft, with a weak attenuate 

 apex, all nearly equal in length: rays 100 or more, narrow: pappus of ray and 

 disk plurisetose and long. Wyoming, on a high alpine peak of the Owl Creek 

 range. 



7. Townsendia Watsonii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 1881. Winter 

 annual or biennial, canescent with a fine appressed pubescence; stems many, 

 branching, 7-15 cm. long: leaves linear-spatulate, 2-4 cm. long: heads showy, 

 very many, sometimes leafy-bracted, but mostly on naked peduncles 2-3 cm. 

 long; involucre hemispherical, 10-12 mm. wide, the bracts in about 3 series, 

 the broad white scarious margins deeply fringed: rays pink: pappus of the 

 ray composed of minute lacerate scales; that of the disk of stout bristles 

 3 mm. long, with a few shorter ones intermixed; achenes minutely pubescent. 

 T. strigosa. Western Wyoming to Utah and Idaho. 



8. Townsendia Fendleri Gray, PI. Fendl. 70. 1848. Winter annual or bi- 

 ennial, the root very slender; stems few from the crown, spreading, unequal, 

 slender, flowering when very short, strigose: leaves linear, slightly dilated 

 upward ; the cauline rather few, the uppermost near the head : involucre 6-8 

 mm. broad, the bracts in about 3 ranks: rays blue or white: pappus subulate- 

 setiform, scabrous; that of the ray reduced to a crown of short squamellae. 

 Extending into southern Colorado from New Mexico. 



9. Townsendia strigosa Nutt. 1. c. Winter annual or more probably bi- 

 ennial, branching from the crown of a moderately slender taproot; stems 

 spreading, beginning to flower when very short, cinereous with fine, close, 

 strigillose pubescence as are also the leaves: early leaves spatulate; the later 

 ones linear: involucres 8-12 mm. broad, the bracts in about 2 ranks, abruptly 

 acute: pappus as in the preceding. Gravelly plains; Wyoming to New Mex- 

 ico and Arizona. 



10. Townsendia incana Nutt. 1. c. Perennial from a branched woody 

 caudex from the crowns of which spring simple or branched spreading stems 

 5-12 cm. long; stems densely white-strigose : leaves silky-canescent, oblong- 

 spatulate, tapering into a short petiole, numerous and usually involucrating 

 the rather small heads: involucral bracts silky-pubescent, with broad scarious 

 and conspicuously fimbriate-ciliate margins: rays white to lilac: pappus of 

 the ray similar to that of the disk but shorter. In arid gravelly and sandy 

 soils of the high plains; Wyoming to Utah and Nevada. 



11. Townsendia exscapa (Rich.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 321. 1894. 

 Depressed-acaulescent perennial, with closely sessile solitary or few heads on 

 the crown next the ground, surrounded and surpassed or equaled by the 

 linear or linear-spatulate leaves, at length multicipital and pulvinate-tufted, 

 2-5 cm. high: head 15-25 mm. long; involucral bracts narrowly lanceolate, 

 mostly acute: rays white or purplish-tinged: pappus of the ray plurisetose 



