COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



523 



RAYS CONSPICUOUS (much surpassing the disk) 



PERENNIALS 



Leaves entire or merely toothed. 



Stems usually more than 3 dm. high, simple below, solitary 



from the ends of distinct (sometimes branched) root-stocks. 



Involucre with spreading or reflexed bracts; rays rather 



broad; pappus simple. 



Involucre glabrous or glandular . .,. . 

 Involucre woolly, or hirsute and viscidulous. 

 Involucre very woolly . . . 

 Involucre viscidulous and moderately hirsute 

 Involucre with mostly appressed bracts; rays numerous and 



narrow; pappus double. 

 Rather equably leafy, the upper stem leaves not greatly 



reduced. 

 Leaves few, short, and distant, broadly obovate to 



ovate or broadly oblong 



Leaves more numerous, oblanceolate to ovate and oblong 

 Bracts glabrate, obscurely glandular 

 Bracts more or less hirsute. 



Herbage nearly or quite glabrous. 

 Herbage clearly pubescent 



Quite inequably leafy, the upper stem leaves greatly re- 

 duced in size. 



Pale green and apparently glabrate, but under a lens 

 minutely rough-hirsute ...... 



Dark green and distinctly pubescent, often viscidulous, 

 especially above ....... 



Stems usually 'less than 3 dm. high (mostly 1-2 dm.), either 



branched near the base or somewhat caespitose. 

 Stems mostly simple and monocephalous. 



Stems leafy below, either scapiform or with greatly re- 

 duced leaves above; heads mostly solitary on the 

 bracted or naked peduncle. 

 Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate to linear. 

 Involucre woolly. 



Wool of involucre blue-black; rays white 

 Wool of involucre mostly white; rays violet or 

 whitish ........ 



Involucre hispid or minutely hirsute. 

 Rays not yellow. 

 Rays white. 



Bracts hispid-ciliate ..... 



Bracts appressed-hirsute . . . 



Rays blue, violet, or purple. 



Hispid-ciliate throughout . . 

 Pubescence not hispid, mostly short and ap- 

 pressed. 

 Rays violet ....... 



Rays pale purple 



Rays yellow , 



Leaves obovate to short-oblong. 



Plant green and glabrate ....... 



Plant pale-canescent ....... 



Stems leafy throughout. 



Leaves all broad, obovate to short-oblong 

 Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear. 



Involucre glabrous but pruinose-glandular; foliage 



glabrous or nearly so . 

 Involucre hirsute or pubescent. 



Leaves glandular-scabrous and hirsute . 

 Leaves not glandular. 

 Rays not yellow. 



Rays purple or violet. 

 Leaves subglabrous. 



Plants low (4-10 cm.); pubescence spread- 

 ing ....... 



Plants taller (8-16 cm.); pubescence ap- 

 pressed 



Leaves hispid-hirsute . 

 Rays white. 



Bracts hispid-ciliate 

 Bracts appressed-hirsute 

 Rays yellow ... 



Stems more or less branched and with few-several heads, 

 white. 



ives 1 -nerved. 

 Herbage minutely hirsute. 



Bracts hispid-ciliate . . 



1. E. salsuginosus 



2. E. elatior. 



3. E. Coulteri 



4. E/superbus. 



5. E. macranthus. 



6. E. .speciosus. 



7. E. subtrinervis. 



8. E. asper. 



9. E. formosissimus. 



10. E. melanocephalus. 



11. E. uniflorus. 



19. E. Engelmannii. 



20. E. Eatonii. 



21. E. poliospermus. 



18. E. ursinus. 

 17. E. radicatus. 

 22. E. luteus. 



12. E. Garrettii. 



13. E. tener. 



14. E. nauseosus. 



15. E. leiomeris. 



16. E. glandulosus. 



17. E, radicatus. 



18. E. ursjnus. 



21. E. poliospermus. 



19. E. Engelmannii. 



20. E. Eatonii. 



22. E. luteus. 



19. E. Engelmannii. 



