COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 547 



long: achenes 7-8 mm. long, either prismatic-quadrangular or flattish, 12- 

 nerved: pappus sometimes minute, chaffy coroniform and cleft into few or 

 several teeth. Yellowstone Park and Montana to Oregon. 



2. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt. 1. c. Stems 3-5 cm. high, robust: leaves 

 mostly lanceolate-oblong, entire or denticulate; the radical often 3-4 dm. long; 

 the upper cauline partly clasping by a rounded or somewhat narrowed base: 

 heads solitary or several, short-peduncled ; involucral bracts broadly lanceo- 

 late, 1 or 2 outer ones occasionally foliaceous and larger: rays about 4 cm. 

 long: achenes with a conspicuous crown cleft into acute teeth, and sometimes 

 a small awn. Called " PE-IK " by the Indians; from Colorado to Montana and 

 British Columbia. 



3. Wyethia arizonica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 655. 1873. Hirsutely 

 pubescent, 3 dm. high, bearing a single or few heads: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 tapering to both ends, or the upper and sessile cauline broader: involucre of 

 rather foliaceous and erect bracts: rays 8-12: pappus a very narrow crown, 

 extended into 3 or 4 stout subulate teeth, or into 1 or 2 short awns. Colorado 

 to Utah and Arizona. 



4. Wyethia scabra Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 245. 1847. Very scabrous, 

 3-5 dm. high, rigid: cauline leaves linear, thick, 10-15 cm. wide, sessile, 

 attenuate-acute: involucral bracts imbricated in 3 or 4 series, all the outer 

 with an appressed base, which is acuminate into a longer, subulate, filiform, 

 spreading, very hispid-scabrous appendage: rays several, 10-14 mm. long: 

 achenes acutely angled, the 3 or 4 angles extended into a pappus of as many 

 short blunt teeth, which are barely confluent at base. New Mexico and 

 Colorado to Utah and Wyoming. 



53. HELIANTHUS L. SUNFLOWER 



Annual or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite; blades 

 simple, entire or toothed. Heads conspicuous. Involucres flat or hemispheric; 

 bracts in several series, fleshy or leathery. Receptacle flat, convex or conic, 

 chaffy. Ray-flowers neutral; ligules yellow; disk-flowers perfect; corollas 

 brownish or purple. Stigmas with pubescent appendages. Achenes flattened 

 or somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of 2 awns or scales, and these sometimes 

 accompanied by 2-4 shorter ones, all early deciduous. 



Plants annual; receptacle flat or nearly so. 



At least the lower leaves broadly ovate, and more or less cordate 1. H. annuus. 

 Leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate . . 2. H. petiolaris. 

 Plants perennial; receptacle more or less convex. 

 Disk-flowers purple or brown. 



Leaves linear . 3. H. orgyalis. 



Leaves ovate to lanceolate . . . . . . . 4. H. scaberrimus. 



Disk-flowers yellow or yellowish. 



All the leaves opposite (except the few foliar bracts); roots not 



thickened-tuberiform . . . . . . . 5. H. pumilus. 



Some or many of the upper leaves alternate; the roots more or 



less fasciculate-thickened. 

 Stem and leaves scabrous . . . . . . 6. H. Maximilianus. 



Stem smooth or nearly so, often glaucous. 



Leaves usually coarsely toothed, more or less pubescent 



(not scabrous) beneath . . . . . . 7. H. grosse-serratus. 



Leaves entire or denticulate, glabrate or scabrous beneath 8. H. Nuttallii. 



1. Helianthus annuus L. Sp. PL. 904. 1753. Annual, markedly pubescent; 

 stem hispid or hirsute, 1-2 m. high, branched above: leaves mainly alternate; 

 blades broadly ovate, 7-30 cm. long, or smaller above, usually slightly acumi- 

 nate at the apex, decidedly toothed, those of the lower leaves cordate at the 

 base, those of the upper cuneate: bracts of the involucre ovate to oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 1 hirsute: ligules of the ray-flowers 2-4 cm. 

 long: disk flat, 3-5 cm. broad. (H. lenticularis Dougl.) From the mountains 

 to the Mississippi; many forms (often very large) in cultivation. 



2. Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 115. 1812. Stem 

 2-6 dm. high, branching, strigose-hispidulous, rarely hirsute: leaves oblong- 



