548 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticulate, 3-8 cm. long, 

 cuneately attenuate or the lower abruptly contracted into a long and slender 

 petiole: bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with acute 

 and mucronate or sometimes more attenuate tips, canescent or sometimes 

 ciliate: disk 12-15 mm. in diameter. (H. aridus Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 

 32: 127. 1895.) Range about the same as the last. 



3. Helianthus orgyalis DC. Prodr. 5: 586. 1836. Stem smooth and gla- 

 brous, 4-15 dm. high, very leafy to the top: leaves mostly alternate, from 

 long-linear, 1-3 dm. long, 4-8 mm. wide (or the lowest lanceolate), to almost 

 filiform, slightly papillose-scabrous, the lower narrowed into a petiole and 

 sometimes serrulate: bracts of the involucre filiform-attenuate; those of the 

 receptacle entire: achenes oblong-obovate with a rounded summit, 5-6 mm. 

 long. Dry plains; Nebraska to Texas, west to southeast Colorado. 



4. Helianthus scaberrimus Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 423. 1824. Stem 3-12 

 dm. high, rigid, sparingly branched: leaves very firm-coriaceous and thick, 

 both sides hispidulous-scabrous, shagreen-like, entire or serrate; the lower ovate 

 and ovate-lanceolate, attenuate at base into short- winged petioles; the upper 

 mostly lanceolate: heads comparatively large, showy: disk 15-18 mm. high, 

 dark purple or brownish ; involucre pluriserially imbricated ; the bracts mainly 

 ovate, obtuse or acutish, rigid, appressed, densely and minutely ciliate. 

 H. rigidus. (H. subrhomboideus Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. 1: 419. 1900.) 

 Plains and prairies; Montana to Colorado and Georgia. 



5. Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 366. 1841. Hispid 

 and scabrous throughout; stems simple, 3-6 dm. high, bearing 5-7 pairs of 

 leaves and a few rather short-peduncled heads: leaves mostly broadly ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute, entire or nearly so, 4-10 cm. long, rigid, abruptly contracted 

 at base into a short-margined petiole: involucre about 12 mm. high, white- 

 hirsute or scabro-hispidulous; the bracts imbricated in about 3 series, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acutish: disk yellow. Eastern Rocky Mountains and adjacent 

 plains, from Wyoming and Colorado to Nebraska and Kansas. 



6. Helianthus Maximilianus Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1835. His- 

 pidulous-scabrous; stem stout, 4-20 dm. high, below mostly rough-hispid: 

 leaves almost all alternate, thickish, becoming rigid, very scabrous above, 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, mostly subsessile, all entire or 

 sparingly denticulate: involucre of more rigid bracts: rays numerous, often 

 3-4 cm. long, golden-yellow. Prairies and plains west of the Mississippi, and 

 from the Saskatchewan to Texas. 



7. Helianthus grosse-serratus Martens Sel. Sem. Hort. Loven. 1839. Stem 

 very smooth and glabrous, commonly glaucous, 1-2 m. high, bearing nu- 

 merous rather cymosely disposed and short-peduncled heads: leaves slender- 

 petioled, thinnish, oblong-lanceolate or narrower, or some of the cauline 

 almost deltoid-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, sharply serrate, or upper 

 merely denticulate, slightly scabrous above, whitish and soft-puberulent 

 beneath; the larger cauline commonly 1-2 dm. and the petiole 3-5 cm. long: 

 the deep yellow oblong rays 2-3 cm. long. Dry plains; from Texas to Dakota 

 and as far east as Ohio. 



8. Helianthus Nuttallii T. & G. Fl. 2: 324. 1842. Roots fleshy, fascicled 

 or variously branched, mostly fusiform, often nearly 1 dm. long; stems gen- 

 erally solitary, simple below, branched above, 1 m. (more or less) high, gla- 

 brous, striate: lower leaves opposite, 7-15 cm. long, all lanceolate, the upper- 

 most narrowly so, with short, sparse, incurved, hispid hairs: peduncles pubes- 

 cent, slender, those from the lower axils often much elongated: involucre 

 hemispherical; the bracts linear-lanceolate, white-ciliate-pubescent on the 

 margins, 10-15 mm. long, the loose acuminate tips often reflexed: rays usually 

 14-18, 25-30 mm. long, naribwly oblong: disk yellowish-brown, 1 cm. high 

 and fully as broad : chaff oblong, acute, pubescent on the brownish tip : achenes 

 oblong, brown, 4 mm. long, nearly as long as the corollas; pappus of 2 linear- 

 lanceolate awns as long as the achenes. (H . fascicularis Greene, PI. Baker. 

 3: 28. 1901; H. utahensis A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 29: 405. 1902.) 

 Throughout our range to Oregon and British Columbia. 



