558 COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 



pinnatifid leaves, and solitary or scattered large heads of yellow flowers, or 

 rays sometimes purple. Bracts of the involucre linear or lanceolate. Ray- 

 flowers numerous and ligulate, but sometimes short and inconspicuous; 

 disk-corollas with proper tube slender or narrow, but shorter than the cylin- 

 draceous throat. Achenes linear-cuneate, compressed or somewhat tetragonal, 

 soft-villous, especially the margins. Pappus mostly of 4 truncate scales, 

 erose or lacerate at summit or nearly entire. 



1. Hulsea carnosa Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 423. 1900. Very 

 fleshy; stems from creeping rootstocks and a deep thick root, in big clumps, 

 1.5-3 dm. high, very leafy throughout, pubescent, more or less viscid: leaves 

 very fleshy, linear, sinuately lobed, 5-8 cm. long: heads solitary, 1.5-2 cm. 

 high, hemispheric; the bracts linear-lanceolate, viscid-pubescent and more or 

 less villous: rays light yellow, less than 1 cm. long: achenes tapering down- 

 ward, densely silky-strigose : pappus of fimbriate scales about 2 mm. long. 

 Wet rocky ravines; Montana and Yellowstone Park. 



71. ACTINELLA Nutt. 



Mostly scapose, villous-pubescent or glabrous, bitter and aromatic herbs, 

 with alternate or basal often punctate entire leaves, and equally peduncled 

 heads of both tubular and radiate yellow (rarely flesh-colored) flowers, or 

 rays rarely wanting. Involucre hemispheric, campanulate or depressed, the 

 bracts imbricated in 2-3 series, appressed. Receptacle convex or conic, 

 naked. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, the rays 3-toothed; disk-flowers 

 perfect, fertile, the corollas with 4-5-toothed limbs. Style-branches truncate 

 and penicillate at the summit. Achenes turbinate, 5-10-ribbed or angled, 

 villous or pubescent. Pappus of 5-12 thin, aristate, acuminate, or truncate 

 scales. (Tetraneuris Greene.) 



Leaves borne wholly on the crowns of the caudex. 



Leaves densely pubescent (silky, vilious, or canescent). 



Plants broadly low-caespitose, the numerous crowns bearing a 



solitary head on a scape 1-10 cm. long ..... 1. A. acaulis. 



Plants simple or tufted, the crowns few, the scapes slender, 10-30 



cm. high. 

 Rays present. 



Pubescence silky-sericeous . . . . . . 2. A. simplex. 



Pubescence short, dense and silvery-white . . . 3. A. incana. 



Rays wanting. 



Disk yellow 4. A. eradiata. 



Disk flesh-color . . . . . . . . 5. A. carnosa. 



Leaves loosely villous or glabrate. 

 Crowns of the caudex short. 



The leaf-bases involved in long white or brown hairs. 



Sparsely long-villous throughout . . . . 6. A. lanata. 



Leaves green and nearly or quite glabrous . . . 7. A. Torreyana. 



The leaf-bases naked or nearly so. 



Leaves green, broadly linear . . . . . . 8. A. epunctata. 



Leaves pale, narrowly linear . . . . . . 9. A. linearis. 



Crowns of the caudex fastigiate and elongated (1-2 dm. high) . 10. A. fastigiata. 

 Leaves borne on the crowns of the caudex and 1-4 on the lower portion 



of the slender scape . . . . . . . . .11. A. leptoclada. 



1. Actinella acaulis (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. 2: 173. 1818. Densely caespitose, 

 the branches of the caudex short, thick, and crowded, canescently villous or 

 sericeous, sometimes more naked: scape 1-10 cm. high: leaves thickish, all 

 entire, spatulate to nearly linear, commonly short, 2-5 cm. long, densely 

 crowded on the caudex: rays long. Mountains and the bordering plains and 

 hills; Dakota to Montana, and south to Colorado. 



la. Actinella acaulis caespitosa A. Nels. Densely silky or sericeous- 

 canescent: heads sessile or subsessile among the crown leaves. (A. depressa 

 Gray; A. depressa pygmaea Gray; Tetraneuris brevifolia Greene, Pitt. 3: 266. 

 1898; T. acaulis caespitosa A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 28: 127. 1899.) Same range as 

 the species. 



2. Actinella simplex A. Nels. Caudex short, consisting of one or more thick 



