COMPOSITAE (COMPOSITE FAMILY) 559 



crowns which are densely covered with brown dead leaf-bases: leaves appressed 

 pubescent, nearly naked in the axils or sparsely long-hairy, glabrate in age 

 when the fine punctation becomes evident, crowded on the crowns, ascending 

 or erect, linear-spatulate, tapering only slightly to the margined base, sub- 

 acute, 4-7 cm. long: scapes simple, single from the crowns, 15-25 cm. high, 

 slender, erect, lightly pubescent below, becoming silky or lanate above and 

 on the involucre: heads large, 2.5-4 cm. across: rays with a broad ligule (5-8 

 mm.): achene pubescent. (Tetraneuris simplex A. Nels. 1. c.) Southern 

 Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. 



3. Actinella incana A. Nels. Root rather slender, simple or branched; 

 caudex simple or few branched, the crowns enlarged by a dense covering of 

 the broadly expanded bases of the petioles which are more or less involved in 

 white, hirsute wool: leaves crowded on the crowns, silvery-white with an 

 appressed pubescence, linear-oblanceolate, 2-4 cm. long: scapes naked, slender, 

 curved-ascending, 1-2 dm. high: involucre silvery-silky; bracts few, shorter 

 than the 1 cm. high disk, the outer oblong, obtuse, the inner spatulate, scarious- 

 margined: rays few, the ligule as long as the disk: pappus-scales oblong, aris- 

 tate; achene slender, nearly as long as the corolla, pubescent. (Tetraneuris 

 incana A. Nels. 1. c.) White barren clay hills and ridges; east-central Wyo- 

 ming. 



4. Actinella eradiata A. Nels. Densely silky throughout; caudex short, of 

 one or more crowns, slightly lanate and covered with the expanded bases of 

 the petioles: leaves crowded on the crowns, linear or narrowly ob lanceolate, 

 5-8 cm. long, the short petiole margined and expanding at its scarious base: 

 scapes slender, 12-25 cm. high: heads wholly eradiate, 1 cm. or more high, 

 the disk almost orange or tinged with brown: pappus-scales obovate, glistening- 

 white, tipped with a slender awn, including the awn almost as long as the 

 silvery achene and scarcely shorter than the corolla. (Tetraneuris eradiata 

 A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 37: 275. 1904.) Eastern base of the Big Horn Mountains, 

 Wyoming. 



5. Actinella carnosa A. Nels. Caespitose, caudex 6-8 cm. high, branching 

 underground from a perennial, woody root; whole plant hirsute-canescent : 

 leaves all radical, simple, from oblong to orbicular, 8-12 mm. long on petioles 

 equaling them or twice as long; blade coriaceous, acute or obtuse, entire or 

 crenate, margins re volute; lower surface densely covered with appressed 

 white hairs; upper surface impressed-punctate and sparingly hirsute: heads 

 15 mm. high and broad; involucral scales linear-oblong, obtuse, about 12, 

 arranged in 2 series, densely pubescent externally, glabrous and marked by 

 prominent nerves within; the inner series longer, with reddish scarious-margined 

 tips: lobes of flesh-colored corolla equal: stamens included: style-tips broad: 

 achenes clavate, densely villous; pappus of 8 nearly equal, hyaline scales 

 one half the length of the achenes, with prominent midrib and erose tips. 

 (Chaenactis scaposa Eastw. Zoe 2: 231. 1891; Chamaechaenactis scaposa 

 Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 33: 156. 1906.) From type locality only, 

 Grand Junction, Colorado. 



6. Actinella lanata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 379. 1881. Caudex 

 caespitose, the crowns short and densely hairy or woolly: leaves linear- 

 oblanceolate, loosely silky- villous but often glabrate* in age, nearly impunctate: 

 scape 7-12 cm. long: bracts of the involucre oblong lanceolate, in about 3 

 series, the inner with scarious margins: pappus-scales 5-6, ovate, tipped with 

 short awns. (Tetraneuris lanata Greene, Pitt. 1. c. 265.) Wyoming to New 

 Mexico and Arizona. 



7. Actinella Torreyana Nutt. 1. c. Caudex very stout, depressed, the 

 crowns greatly thickened by the copious brown hair or wool which involves 

 the old leaf-stalks: leaves green and becoming almost glabrous, linear- 

 oblanceolate, subglutinous and strongly impressed glandular-punctate: scapes 

 6-12 cm. high, silky-pubescent as is also the involucre: inner involucral bracts 

 scarious-margined: heads large, with conspicuous yellow rays which have a 

 greenish tinge: pappus-scales nearly awnless. (Tetraneuris Torreyana Greene 

 J. c.) On rocky hills of Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. 



